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How do you know if your land use and transportation policies are working?

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Land use and transportation are closely linked, as they affect how people and goods move, where they live and work, and how they interact with the environment. But how can you tell if your land use and transportation policies are working to achieve your goals and vision? In this article, you will learn about some of the methods and tools that transportation planners use to measure and evaluate the impacts and outcomes of their policies.

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1 Define your objectives

The first step to evaluate your land use and transportation policies is to define what you want to achieve with them. What are your desired outcomes, indicators, and targets? For example, do you want to reduce congestion, increase accessibility, promote equity, enhance livability, or support economic development? You need to have clear and measurable objectives that align with your vision and values, and that reflect the needs and preferences of your stakeholders and community.

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Eva Marin, EIT. PMP

Senior Project Manager | Traffic Engineer | Transportation Planner | Consultant
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It is also very important to link these land use and transportation objectives and target outcomes to our LRT Plans and MT Plans to address the problems in a comprehensive way, adding all the key and necessary stakeholders in the process (city, states, businesses, community districts/Boards). This will mean working from regional policies to planning, design, implementation, and finally, construction and operation and evaluation of projects that are really taking into account the dynamic needs of our cities and communities while balancing benefits, challenges, and funding mechanisms.

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Bau Brolet

Head of Business Development @ GAMS Development Corp. Decision Science | Algebraic Optimization & Modeling
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A valuable approach I've found is using the SMART framework when defining objectives for land use and transportation policies. This means setting Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound goals. For example, rather than a vague aim like "improve transportation," target specifics like "reduce peak-hour traffic congestion by 20%," with quantifiable metrics, realistic targets, alignment with community needs, and clear timeframes. This method not only clarifies your goals but also aids in effective monitoring and evaluation of policies, ensuring they align with your overarching vision and values, thus influencing how people and goods move, their living and working conditions, and environmental interactions.

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2 Collect and analyze data

The next step is to collect and analyze data that can help you monitor and assess your policies. Data can come from various sources, such as surveys, censuses, models, sensors, or maps. You need to choose data that are relevant, reliable, and representative of your objectives and context. You also need to use appropriate methods and tools to analyze the data, such as descriptive statistics, performance measures, indicators, benchmarks, or indexes. You should compare your results with your baseline, targets, or best practices, and identify trends, patterns, gaps, or trade-offs.

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Bau Brolet

Head of Business Development @ GAMS Development Corp. Decision Science | Algebraic Optimization & Modeling
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An example I've seen involves a mid-sized city's transportation policy analysis by the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE). They collected data from traffic cameras, passenger surveys, and GPS tracking systems to reduce congestion and boost public transit. Using advanced analytics and simulations, they optimized routes and infrastructure. By comparing data against a 15% travel time reduction and ridership increase target, they fine-tuned policies, improving mobility and sustainability.

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3 Apply evaluation frameworks

The third step is to apply evaluation frameworks that can help you interpret and communicate your findings. Evaluation frameworks are systematic and structured ways of assessing the effectiveness, efficiency, equity, or sustainability of your policies. They can be qualitative or quantitative, or a combination of both. Some examples of evaluation frameworks are cost-benefit analysis, multi-criteria analysis, logic models, or balanced scorecards. You should select a framework that suits your objectives, data, and audience, and that can provide useful and actionable insights.

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4 Use visualization and communication tools

The fourth step is to use visualization and communication tools that can help you present and share your results. Visualization and communication tools are ways of displaying and conveying information in a clear, concise, and engaging way. They can be graphs, charts, tables, maps, dashboards, infographics, or stories. You should use tools that can highlight the main messages, findings, and recommendations of your evaluation, and that can appeal to different types of users, such as policymakers, stakeholders, or the public.

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5 Incorporate feedback and learning

The final step is to incorporate feedback and learning into your evaluation process. Feedback and learning are ways of collecting and using input, opinions, and suggestions from your users, stakeholders, or experts. They can help you improve your data quality, analysis methods, evaluation frameworks, or communication tools. They can also help you identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, or challenges for your policies, and adjust them accordingly. You should seek feedback and learning throughout your evaluation process, and use them to inform your decision-making and planning.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you know if your land use and transportation policies are working?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Define your objectives

2 Collect and analyze data

3 Apply evaluation frameworks

4 Use visualization and communication tools

5 Incorporate feedback and learning

6 Here’s what else to consider

Transportation Planning

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How do you know if your land use and transportation policies are working?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Define your objectives

2 Collect and analyze data

3 Apply evaluation frameworks

4 Use visualization and communication tools

5 Incorporate feedback and learning

6 Here’s what else to consider

Transportation Planning

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