登录查看更多内容

How do you keep up with the latest developments and innovations in sample preparation for extraction?

由人工智能和领英社区提供技术支持

Sample preparation is a crucial step in any analytical process, especially when it comes to extraction. Extraction is the process of separating a target analyte from a complex matrix, such as soil, food, blood, or water. Extraction efficiency and yield are two key factors that determine the quality and quantity of the extracted analyte. In this article, we will explain what these factors mean, how they are measured, and how they can be improved by using different sample preparation techniques.

此文章中的业界达人

由社区从 2 条内容中精选。了解更多

Justin Clément

Chartered Chemist - Interests in Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Nanomaterials, and Toxicology

1 Extraction efficiency

Extraction efficiency is the ratio of the amount of analyte extracted to the amount of analyte present in the original sample. It reflects how well the extraction method can recover the analyte from the matrix. Extraction efficiency can be affected by several factors, such as the type and amount of solvent, the temperature and time of extraction, the pH and ionic strength of the solution, and the presence of interfering substances. Extraction efficiency can be calculated by comparing the analyte concentration in the extract with the analyte concentration in the sample before extraction.

添加您的观点

Justin Clément

Chartered Chemist - Interests in Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Nanomaterials, and Toxicology
举报内容
The analytical recovery from a sample of inorganic materials depends on the ability to efface or dissolve the matrix holding the analyte, then for the extraction process to react with the analyte and keep it dissolved at least until analysis. For inorganic samples, pre-analytical sample preparation involves physically drying and breaking down samples by crushing and milling, with or without fusion and thermogravimetric analysis. The subsequent process is called digestion. Extraction time can be optimized, the temperature and pressure can be adjusted, the sample size can be varied for adjusting ionic strength, acids, bases or organic solvents can be selected, digestion mixtures can be used with multiple acids, acids with solvents, etc.

已翻译

赞

2 Extraction yield

Extraction yield is the ratio of the amount of analyte extracted to the amount of analyte added to the sample. It reflects how much of the analyte is lost or degraded during the extraction process. Extraction yield can be affected by factors such as the stability and volatility of the analyte, the adsorption and desorption of the analyte on the matrix or the extraction device, and the evaporation and dilution of the solvent. Extraction yield can be calculated by comparing the analyte concentration in the extract with the analyte concentration in the spike solution.

添加您的观点

Justin Clément

Chartered Chemist - Interests in Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Nanomaterials, and Toxicology
举报内容
Spike samples are used as an aid to monitor the analytical recovery of the method. The analyte of known quantity is added to a sample, which is extracted and the recovery is measured at the end. Spike samples are useful, but less perfect than certified reference materials. The spike sample contains more concentrated analyte than a normal sample. In the natural sample, the analyte is matrix-bound and it is broken to dissolve the analyte. In a spike sample the analyte is added externally and the input required to totally dissolve the analyte is less significant than the input required for a natural certified reference material, with certified homogeneity and a totally matrix-bound analyte.

已翻译

赞

3 Sample preparation techniques

Sample preparation techniques are methods that aim to improve the extraction efficiency and yield by modifying the physical or chemical properties of the sample or the extraction system. Common techniques include homogenization, which involves breaking down the sample into smaller and more uniform particles; extraction enhancement, which involves adding substances to increase solubility, stability, or selectivity; extraction optimization, which entails adjusting parameters such as solvent type and volume, temperature and time, agitation and mixing, and pH and ionic strength; and extraction cleanup, which involves reducing interfering substances that can affect the extraction efficiency or yield.

添加您的观点

4 Sample preparation challenges

Sample preparation challenges can limit or compromise the extraction efficiency and yield. Matrix variability, for example, involves dealing with a variety of matrices and their effects on analyte extraction and detection. Analyte diversity also poses a challenge, as different types and properties of analytes have different extraction requirements and behaviors. Additionally, sample size and volume can affect extraction performance and accuracy while time and cost often require a trade-off between speed and quality.

添加您的观点

5 Sample preparation innovations

Sample preparation innovations are new or improved methods that can address sample preparation challenges. Microextraction involves miniaturizing the extraction process with minimal solvent, devices, or phases, reducing sample consumption and cost. Green extraction uses environmentally friendly solvents, techniques, or principles to reduce environmental impact and health risk. Hybrid extraction combines two or more extraction techniques, phases, or modes to increase extraction efficiency, yield, or selectivity. Smart extraction uses intelligent materials, sensors, or systems to adapt to sample characteristics, extraction conditions, or analyte requirements.

添加您的观点

Sample Preparation

+ 关注

给文章评分

我们借助人工智能创建了此文章。您认为这篇文章怎么样？

很棒不太好

举报此文章

查看全部

How do you keep up with the latest developments and innovations in sample preparation for extraction?

1

2

3

4

5

1 Extraction efficiency

2 Extraction yield

3 Sample preparation techniques

4 Sample preparation challenges

5 Sample preparation innovations

Sample Preparation

给文章评分

感谢您的反馈

更多Sample Preparation相关文章

更多相关阅读内容