How do you handle invalid or ambiguous inputs or outputs using ECP and BVA?

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Functional testing is a type of software testing that verifies whether the system meets the specified requirements and behaves as expected. To perform functional testing effectively, you need to design test cases that cover different scenarios and inputs. But how do you handle invalid or ambiguous inputs or outputs that might cause errors or confusion? In this article, you will learn how to use two techniques: equivalence class partitioning (ECP) and boundary value analysis (BVA) to deal with such situations.

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1 What is ECP and BVA?

ECP and BVA are techniques that help you reduce the number of test cases by grouping inputs or outputs into classes that have the same behavior or characteristics. For example, if you have a function that accepts a number between 1 and 100, you can divide the inputs into three classes: valid (1 to 100), invalid (less than 1 or more than 100), and borderline (1 and 100). ECP helps you select one representative value from each class to test, while BVA helps you select the boundary values and their adjacent values to test.

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For example, if the system accepts a numerical input between 1 and 100, you can divide the input domain into three equivalent classes: valid (1-100), invalid (less than 1), and invalid (greater than 100). Next, you need to select test cases from each equivalent class, using the boundary value analysis technique.

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Kaushik Maitra CSM?

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To handle invalid or ambiguous inputs or outputs using Equivalence Partitioning (ECP) and Boundary Value Analysis (BVA), you can: Identify the input domain: Determine the input data's range, type, format, and constraints. Partition the input domain: Divide the input domain into equivalent classes based on the input data's validity and functionality. Select test cases: Choose test cases from each equivalent class using BVA. Test the boundary values: Use the selected values for testing.

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2 Why use ECP and BVA?

ECP and BVA are useful because they help you avoid redundant or unnecessary test cases that might waste time and resources. They also help you focus on the most critical or risky inputs or outputs that might cause failures or defects. For example, using ECP and BVA, you can test the function that accepts a number between 1 and 100 with only six test cases: 1, 2, 50, 99, 100, and 101. These test cases cover all the possible classes and boundaries of the inputs, and can reveal any errors or inconsistencies in the function.

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Yoseph Reuveni
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In a recent project involving insurance claims, managing ambiguous inputs was challenging until I discovered Equivalence Class Partitioning (ECP) and Boundary Value Analysis (BVA). ECP groups inputs into classes where each member behaves similarly, while BVA focuses on edge values more prone to errors. For example, an age input field of 18-60 could be tested with 18, 60, and nearby values like 17 and 61. Using ECP and BVA, I saved time and identified critical cases likely to cause failures. Collaborating with stakeholders clarified requirements, and automating these tests helped us maintain focus on key edge cases, strengthening overall testing quality.

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3 How to use ECP and BVA?

To use ECP and BVA, you need to identify the input or output domain of the system or function under test, which is the range or set of values that can be accepted or produced. You should then partition this domain into equivalence classes based on expected behavior or characteristics, with each class containing values that are treated the same. The ECP technique involves selecting one representative value from each equivalence class, while BVA requires selecting boundary values and their adjacent values. Finally, execute the test cases and verify the results.

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4 What are the challenges of ECP and BVA?

ECP and BVA are not without their limitations and challenges. For instance, they assume that the input or output domain is discrete, yet in some cases the domain might be continuous, vague, or complex. Furthermore, they cannot guarantee that all errors or defects will be detected since only a subset of values from each equivalence class or boundary is tested. Lastly, ECP and BVA require a good understanding of the system or function under test, as well as the requirements and specifications; if these are not properly designed or documented, it can be difficult to apply ECP and BVA effectively.

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5 How to improve ECP and BVA?

ECP and BVA are not standalone techniques; they are best used in conjunction with other functional testing techniques, such as decision tables, state transition diagrams, use cases, and user stories. To make the most of these techniques, you can define the input or output domain more clearly and precisely to identify any exceptions or special cases that might affect the partitioning or boundary selection. Additionally, you can generate more comprehensive and realistic test scenarios and test data that cover different combinations and variations of inputs or outputs, as well as negative and positive outcomes. Finally, validating and refining the requirements and specifications while communicating with stakeholders and developers can help to resolve any ambiguities or inconsistencies.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you handle invalid or ambiguous inputs or outputs using ECP and BVA?

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1 What is ECP and BVA?

2 Why use ECP and BVA?

3 How to use ECP and BVA?

4 What are the challenges of ECP and BVA?

5 How to improve ECP and BVA?

6 Here’s what else to consider

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