Mobile apps have to run smoothly and efficiently on devices with limited resources, such as memory and battery. How do you design your mobile app for optimal memory and performance? In this article, you will learn some object oriented design principles and practices that can help you achieve this goal.
Abstraction and encapsulation are two fundamental concepts of object oriented design that help you hide the complexity and implementation details of your app's components. Abstraction allows you to define the essential features and behaviors of your objects, without exposing the internal logic or data. Encapsulation ensures that your objects have well-defined interfaces and boundaries, and that they can only interact with each other through methods and properties. By using abstraction and encapsulation, you can reduce the coupling and dependency between your objects, and make your code more modular, reusable, and maintainable.
Human brain in order to comprehend very complex concepts tries to simplify everything. This is abstraction - a simple conclusion on a fairly complex design. It is easier to work with abstractions forgetting all the details behind the implementation. The encapsulation ensure that the minimum amount of knowledge escape, so the module in the end will be easier to integrate/use/test/understand/etc
Encapsulation helps in maintaining data integrity and ensures that data manipulation is done through controlled methods, reducing the risk of unintended changes. It's particularly useful when you want to hide complex logic and provide a clear interface to other parts of the program. Abstraction is valuable when designing libraries, frameworks, or APIs, enabling users to interact with complex systems without needing to understand their inner workings. Inheritance is useful when you have a set of closely related classes that share common attributes and methods. When you want to write code that can work with multiple types of objects without needing to know their exact types I use Poly.
Inheritance and polymorphism are two powerful mechanisms of object oriented design that help you reuse and extend your existing code, and handle different scenarios with less code. Inheritance allows you to create subclasses that inherit the attributes and methods of their parent classes, and override or add new ones as needed. Polymorphism allows you to treat different objects of the same superclass or interface as the same type, and invoke the appropriate method based on their actual type at runtime. By applying inheritance and polymorphism, you can avoid code duplication, enhance code readability, and support dynamic behavior.
The SOLID principles are a set of guidelines that help you design your objects in a way that makes them easy to understand, test, and modify. Following these principles can improve the cohesion, flexibility, and testability of your objects, while avoiding common design flaws such as tight coupling, rigidity, fragility, and immobility. The SOLID principles include the single responsibility principle - each object should have one and only one responsibility or reason to change - the open/closed principle - each object should be open for extension, but closed for modification - the Liskov substitution principle - each object should be substitutable by its subclasses or subtypes without breaking the functionality of the system - the interface segregation principle - each object should depend on the smallest and most specific interface that provides the required functionality, rather than a large and generic one - and finally, the dependency inversion principle - each object should depend on abstractions, not concretions.
Design patterns are reusable solutions to common design problems that arise in different contexts and domains. They can help address aspects of your app's architecture, such as creation, structure, behavior, and communication of your objects. Additionally, design patterns can optimize memory and performance by applying techniques such as caching, lazy loading, pooling, or flyweight. Examples of useful design patterns for mobile development include the Singleton pattern, which ensures only one instance of a class exists in the system and provides a global access point to it; the Factory pattern which encapsulates the logic of creating objects of a specific type and allows the client to request objects without knowing their concrete classes; the Observer pattern which defines a one-to-many dependency between objects such that when one object changes its state all its dependents are notified; and the Strategy pattern which defines a family of algorithms, encapsulates each one in a separate class, and makes them interchangeable at runtime.
The final step of designing your mobile app for optimal memory and performance is to test and optimize your code. Testing your code helps you identify and fix any bugs, errors, or vulnerabilities that may affect your app's functionality, security, or usability. Optimizing your code improves the efficiency, responsiveness, and resource consumption of your app. To do this, you can use techniques such as unit testing to verify the correctness and quality of your code; profiling to identify and eliminate any bottlenecks, leaks, or inefficiencies; and refactoring to make your code more readable, understandable, and maintainable. By applying these object oriented design principles and practices, you can design an app that delivers a better user experience and satisfaction.