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How do you create cross-platform system programs?

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Cross-platform system programs are applications that can run on different operating systems, such as Windows, Linux, or Mac OS, without requiring major changes in the source code. They are useful for developers who want to reach a wider audience, reduce maintenance costs, and leverage existing skills and tools. However, creating cross-platform system programs is not a trivial task, as it involves dealing with various challenges and trade-offs. In this article, you will learn some of the basic concepts and techniques that can help you create cross-platform system programs.

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1 Choose a language

The first step to create cross-platform system programs is to choose a programming language that supports multiple operating systems and has a rich set of libraries and frameworks. Some of the most popular languages for cross-platform development are C, C++, Java, Python, and C#. These languages have compilers or interpreters that can run on different platforms, and offer standard libraries that abstract away some of the low-level details of the system. However, they also have some limitations and drawbacks, such as performance overhead, compatibility issues, or platform-specific features. Therefore, you should choose a language that suits your needs and preferences, and that you are comfortable with.

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Nenad Ivanisevic

IT administrator, software developer at State tax administering of Serbia
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Many years ago I chose Java programming language and MySQL relational database for my projects from the field of accounting. There are several reasons, like open source and cross-platform development. It takes 4 to 5 years for a one developer to create an very complex accounting application that works in practice and user tested. the application, like many others, has been running for years on Windows and Linux platforms with the same xxx.jar execution file. Initially there were problems with the GUI especially on Linux platforms (SUSE, UBUNTU, CentOS...). I solved that with Look and feel (jtatoo, nimrod..). Mostly my users work on windows OS.

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Ehsan-ul -haq

Software Development Consultant: Driving Digital Transformation and Delivering Impactful Solutions
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For the past eight years, my professional life has been intricately woven with the threads of Python programming. From the early days of exploring its syntax to leveraging its vast ecosystem for complex projects, Python has been my constant companion in the ever-evolving landscape of software development.

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2 Use a cross-platform toolkit

The next step is to use a cross-platform toolkit that provides a consistent and portable interface for creating graphical user interfaces, network communication, file handling, and other common tasks. A cross-platform toolkit is a collection of libraries and tools that simplify the development of cross-platform system programs by hiding the differences between the underlying operating systems and hardware. Some of the most widely used cross-platform toolkits are Qt, GTK, wxWidgets, and SDL. These toolkits offer various features and benefits, such as native look and feel, high performance, extensive documentation, and open source licenses. However, they also have some drawbacks, such as learning curve, license restrictions, or dependency issues. Therefore, you should compare and evaluate different toolkits before choosing one for your project.

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Ehsan-ul -haq

Software Development Consultant: Driving Digital Transformation and Delivering Impactful Solutions
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Choosing the Right Cross-Platform Toolkit: The plethora of cross-platform toolkits available for Python developers can be overwhelming. However, after careful consideration, I settled on tools like PyQt, Kivy, and Tkinter, each offering unique advantages based on specific project requirements. PyQt: Power and Flexibility PyQt stands out for its robustness and feature-rich capabilities. Leveraging the Qt framework, PyQt allows me to create visually appealing and responsive graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for my applications. The ability to deploy PyQt applications on Windows, macOS, and Linux ensures a consistent user experience across platforms, making it a reliable choice for a wide range of projects.

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3 Write portable code

The third step is to write portable code that can run on different platforms without requiring extensive modifications or recompilation. To accomplish this, you should follow some best practices, such as utilizing conditional compilation directives to separate platform-specific code from platform-independent code. Additionally, you can use macros or constants to define platform-specific values, such as paths, separators, or extensions. Moreover, you should use portable data types and formats to ensure consistent representation and interpretation of data across platforms. Furthermore, you can take advantage of portable libraries and frameworks to access system resources and services. By following these best practices, you can write portable code that will be compatible with various platforms.

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Ehsan-ul -haq

Software Development Consultant: Driving Digital Transformation and Delivering Impactful Solutions
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Broad Accessibility: Portable code ensures that your application can be accessed and used by a wider audience, regardless of the operating system or environment they prefer. Simplified Deployment: The deployment process becomes more straightforward when code is designed to be portable. Developers can avoid platform-specific issues and focus on delivering a consistent experience. Long-Term Maintainability: Portable code is more likely to withstand changes in technology and operating systems over time. This contributes to the longevity and maintainability of software projects.

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4 Test and debug

The final step is to test and debug your cross-platform system programs on different platforms and environments. To guarantee the quality, functionality, and usability of your programs, as well as to identify and fix any errors, bugs, or compatibility issues, you should use some tools and techniques. For example, in C or C++, you can use gcc or clang to compile your code on Windows, Linux, or Mac OS; gdb or lldb to debug your code; valgrind or gprof to profile your code; wine to run Windows programs on Linux; gtest or catch to write and run unit tests; and cucumber or selenium to write and run integration tests on different browsers. Testing and debugging are essential for ensuring the success of your cross-platform system programs.

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5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you create cross-platform system programs?

1

2

3

4

5

1 Choose a language

2 Use a cross-platform toolkit

3 Write portable code

4 Test and debug

5 Here’s what else to consider

Computer Engineering

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How do you create cross-platform system programs?

1

2

3

4

5

1 Choose a language

2 Use a cross-platform toolkit

3 Write portable code

4 Test and debug

5 Here’s what else to consider

Computer Engineering

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