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How do you communicate and document the results of the 8D problem solving method with a fishbone diagram?

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The 8D problem solving method is a structured approach to identify, analyze, and resolve complex issues in a team setting. It consists of eight steps, or disciplines, that guide you from defining the problem to preventing its recurrence. One of the tools that can help you in this process is the fishbone diagram, also known as the cause-and-effect diagram or the Ishikawa diagram. In this article, you will learn how to communicate and document the results of the 8D method with a fishbone diagram.

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Steven Edwards

Senior North American Lean Manager at Fluidra

1 What is a fishbone diagram?

A fishbone diagram is a visual tool that helps you organize and display the possible causes of a problem. It resembles a fish skeleton, with the problem statement as the head and the main categories of causes as the bones. Each category can have subcategories, or smaller bones, that branch out from the main ones. The categories can vary depending on the type of problem, but a common framework is the 6M: methods, machines, materials, manpower, measurement, and environment (milieu).

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2 How to create a fishbone diagram?

Creating a fishbone diagram requires you to write the problem statement clearly and concisely at the right end of the diagram, which serves as the head of the fish. You should then brainstorm the main categories of causes that could contribute to the problem along the spine of the fish, such as using the 6M framework. For each category, you should brainstorm subcategories of causes that could affect it and write them as smaller bones branching out from the main ones. The 5 Whys technique can help you dig deeper into potential root causes. Once you’ve completed your diagram, analyze it to identify significant causes that require further investigation or action.

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Jason Harrison

Director Of Quality at Lake Cable, LLC
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With large or complex problems, it helps to methodically walk the group through a Fishbone instead of rapid-firing brainstorming which can be confusing for some team members 1) lay out a process flow chart (PFC) of key steps and have a clear problem description/Is, Is-Not completed. 2) Create the fishbone as the team mentally walks through the PFC 3) time & severity permitting, get the team to leave the room and go observe the process and identify more items 4) Look for connections between items and make categories 5) Give everyone 2-3 sticky notes for their votes on the top likely causes and create priorities to vet out likely Potential Failure Modes.

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3 How to use a fishbone diagram in the 8D method?

A fishbone diagram can be utilized in multiple steps of the 8D method, particularly in root cause analysis, corrective action, and verification. For example, in root cause analysis it can be used to identify and document the sources of variation or deviation. It can also be employed to prioritize causes according to their impact, frequency, or feasibility. In corrective action, a fishbone diagram is beneficial for generating and documenting possible solutions for each root cause, as well as any potential risks or side effects. Additionally, it can be used to evaluate the solutions based on their effectiveness, efficiency, or sustainability. Finally, in verification a fishbone diagram is useful for monitoring and documenting the results of implemented solutions, as well as any remaining gaps or issues. It can also be used to compare the before and after situations and measure the improvement.

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4 How to communicate a fishbone diagram?

A fishbone diagram can be an effective means of communication, as it presents problem analysis and solutions in a clear and logical way. To communicate effectively, use a simple and consistent format, avoid overcrowding the diagram with too much information, and provide a brief introduction. Additionally, back up your analysis and recommendations with facts and evidence, citing sources if needed. Invite feedback from your audience and address it respectfully and constructively.

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Jason Harrison

Director Of Quality at Lake Cable, LLC
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Well detailed fishbones are busy: 1) color code the main Potential Failure Modes being investigated to help audiences hone in on key areas 2) after completion, separate the investigated PFMs which were removed because they are effective. It's just as important to share the good news 3) Highlight other key PFMs that are thought to be higher risk, but time didn't allow, in order to place on a C.I. tracker for followup

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5 How to document a fishbone diagram?

A fishbone diagram can be a valuable documentation tool for recording and tracking your problem solving process and outcomes. To document a fishbone diagram properly, you should include the basic information about the problem, such as the date, team, scope, and objective. Additionally, include the references or sources of the data or information used in the diagram, as well as the methods or tools used to collect and analyze them. Furthermore, assign responsibilities and deadlines for any actions taken or planned based on the diagram. You should also include the results or impacts of these actions and indicate the indicators or measures used to evaluate them. Finally, review and update the diagram regularly, and archive it when the problem is solved or closed.

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Steven Edwards

Senior North American Lean Manager at Fluidra
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I really like the idea of using the fish bone in the before and after format. Most fish bones I have seen, work as a diagram to support the problem statement. This is okay but I think turning the diagram into a more workshop type process flow could bring more value as a tool for continuous improvement. That being said this process idea will take a lot of discipline to complete. The teams must assure the price of the workshop does not exceed the value that might come from it. Meaning don’t spend your time building a beautiful diagram when you could be spending your time making improvements in the worksite. Simple quick sketches to motivate the team to do some real value added work.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you communicate and document the results of the 8D problem solving method with a fishbone diagram?

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1 What is a fishbone diagram?

2 How to create a fishbone diagram?

3 How to use a fishbone diagram in the 8D method?

4 How to communicate a fishbone diagram?

5 How to document a fishbone diagram?

6 Here’s what else to consider

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