How do you cite sources in a speech outline for different types of speeches?

1 APA format

APA stands for American Psychological Association, and it is a common format for citing sources in social sciences, education, and psychology. To cite sources in a speech outline using APA format, you need to include the author's last name, the year of publication, and the page number (if applicable) in parentheses after the sentence that uses the source. For instance, Smith (2020) states that public speaking anxiety is a common problem among students (p. 15), while Jones (2019) argues that persuasive speeches should appeal to both logic and emotion (p. 25). If you use the same source multiple times in your speech outline, you do not need to repeat the year of publication; for example, Smith (2020) also suggests some strategies to overcome public speaking anxiety, such as breathing exercises, positive affirmations, and practice (p. 18), and Jones (2019) provides some examples of persuasive techniques, such as rhetorical questions, anecdotes, and statistics (p. 30). At the end of your speech outline, you need to include a reference list that contains the full details of the sources you cited. This list should be alphabetized by the author's last name and follow the APA style guidelines; for instance, Jones, A. (2019). The art of persuasion: How to craft effective speeches. New York, NY: Penguin, and Smith, B. (2020). Public speaking for beginners: A guide to overcoming anxiety and improving your skills. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.

2 MLA format

MLA stands for Modern Language Association, and it is a common format for citing sources in humanities, literature, and languages. To cite sources in a speech outline using MLA format, you need to include the author's last name and the page number (if applicable) in parentheses after the sentence that uses the source; for example, Shakespeare's Hamlet is one of the most famous tragedies in literature (Shakespeare 56), and according to Miller, the American dream is a myth that leads to disillusionment and tragedy (Miller 12). If you use the same source multiple times in your speech outline, you do not need to repeat the author's name; for instance, Shakespeare also explores the themes of madness, revenge, and mortality in his play (78), and Miller also criticizes the materialism and conformity of the American society in his work (25). At the end of your speech outline, you need to include a works cited list that contains the full details of the sources you cited; the works cited list should be alphabetized by the author's last name and follow the MLA style guidelines, such as Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. Penguin, 1949, and Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Edited by Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine, Folger Shakespeare Library, 1992.

3 Chicago format

Chicago stands for Chicago Manual of Style, and it is a common format for citing sources in history, arts, and social sciences. To cite sources in a speech outline using Chicago format, you need to use footnotes or endnotes that contain the full details of the sources you cited. These footnotes or endnotes should be numbered and correspond to the superscript numbers in the text, such as Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address^1 and Kennedy's inaugural address^2. The footnotes or endnotes should follow the Chicago style guidelines and include the author's name, the title of the source, the publisher, the year of publication, and the page number (if applicable). At the end of your speech outline, you need to include a bibliography that contains the full details of the sources you cited. This bibliography should be alphabetized by the author's last name and follow the Chicago style guidelines.