How do you apply synchrophasor technology for power system stability monitoring and control?

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Synchrophasors are devices that measure the voltage, current, frequency and phase angle of electrical signals in a power system. They can provide real-time, high-resolution and synchronized data that can help monitor and control the power system stability. Power system stability refers to the ability of the system to maintain synchronous operation and avoid large disturbances or blackouts. In this article, you will learn how to apply synchrophasor technology for power system stability monitoring and control.

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Pradeep Patil

Chief Manager (Technology Development) at Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. | Indian Institute of Science | Power…

1 Benefits of synchrophasors

Synchrophasors offer several benefits for power system stability monitoring and control. They can enhance the situational awareness of the system operators by providing a clear and accurate picture of the system conditions and dynamics. They can also enable faster and more reliable detection and identification of faults, oscillations, voltage instability and other events that can threaten the system stability. Moreover, they can facilitate the coordination and optimization of various control actions and devices, such as generators, loads, transformers, breakers, relays, power electronics and energy storage.

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Pradeep Patil

Chief Manager (Technology Development) at Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. | Indian Institute of Science | Power System Studies | Real Time Simulation
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Synchrophasors, provided by Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), offer precise, real-time measurements of electrical quantities such as voltage, current, and phase angles across the power grid. These measurements are time-synchronized using GPS, enabling grid operators to monitor and assess the health of the system with high accuracy. By analyzing synchrophasor data, operators can detect grid anomalies like voltage instability, oscillations, and faults, allowing for timely corrective actions. PMUs also play a crucial role in enhancing wide-area monitoring, state estimation, and dynamic stability assessments, ultimately improving grid reliability and operational efficiency.

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Brad Panike

Retired Senior System Operator
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The syncrophasor itself is not a control device and cannot be used as such. It does provide data to implement other control devices. Additional control devices are; series and shunt capacitors, shunt reactors, phase shifters, SVTs, synchronous condensers, braking resistors, power system stabilizers, etc.

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2 Synchrophasor data acquisition and communication

To apply synchrophasor technology for power system stability monitoring and control, you need to have a network of synchrophasor devices, such as phasor measurement units (PMUs) and phasor data concentrators (PDCs), that can collect and transmit the data to a central location. The data acquisition and communication system should be designed to ensure the accuracy, timeliness, security and reliability of the data. Some of the factors to consider are the sampling rate, the time synchronization method, the data format, the communication protocol, the bandwidth, the latency, the redundancy and the encryption.

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Pradeep Patil

Chief Manager (Technology Development) at Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. | Indian Institute of Science | Power System Studies | Real Time Simulation
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Synchrophasor data is typically provided by Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) installed at various buses across the power network. These PMUs capture real-time measurements of voltage, current, and phase angles, and transmit this time-stamped data to centrally located devices known as Phasor Data Concentrators (PDCs). The PDC collects data from multiple PMUs at different locations, ensuring that all measurements are synchronized to the same time reference. This synchronization allows for precise comparison of system parameters from different locations at the same instant, which is critical for monitoring system dynamics, detecting disturbances, and ensuring the overall stability of the power grid.

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3 Synchrophasor data processing and analysis

The synchrophasor data processing and analysis system should be able to handle the large amount of data generated by the synchrophasor devices and extract useful information and insights for power system stability monitoring and control. The data processing and analysis system should include functions such as data validation, filtering, aggregation, compression, storage, visualization, event detection, state estimation, modal analysis, stability assessment and contingency analysis. The data processing and analysis system should also be integrated with the existing supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and energy management system (EMS) of the power system.

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Brad Panike

Retired Senior System Operator
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Sychrophasor data is generally shared inter-utility across much or all of an interconnection. To achieve this there must be standards in place to allow for common communication protocols

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4 Synchrophasor-based control applications

The synchrophasor-based control applications are the actions or devices that can use the synchrophasor data to improve the power system stability. Some of the examples of synchrophasor-based control applications are adaptive protection, wide-area measurement and control, flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS), high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission, distributed generation and microgrids, demand response and load shedding, islanding detection and restoration, and emergency control and black start.

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Brad Panike

Retired Senior System Operator
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Some of those examples do not really fit. For instance it is very unlikely a sychrophasor would play a role in a black start event. Where sychrophasors are most useful is the everyday operation of an intact transmission network. Where the data can be used to control coordinated phase shifter operation to limit unscheduled flows. Where torque angle of transmission paths can be observed and schedule limitations implemented to prevent angle instability.

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5 Challenges and opportunities of synchrophasor technology

Despite the potential benefits of synchrophasor technology for power system stability monitoring and control, there are also some challenges and opportunities that need to be addressed. Some of the challenges are the cost, interoperability, standardization, scalability, cyber security and regulatory issues of synchrophasor technology. Some of the opportunities are the development of new algorithms, models, methods and tools for synchrophasor data processing and analysis, the integration of synchrophasor technology with other smart grid technologies, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, cloud computing and blockchain, and the promotion of education, training and awareness of synchrophasor technology among the power system stakeholders.

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Brad Panike

Retired Senior System Operator
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One of the biggest challenges is the financial cost to implement sychrophasor installations as a utility. The cost can be significant and the true beneficiary may not be the Utility bearing the cost of the installation.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Brad Panike

Retired Senior System Operator
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An example of an sychrophasor network in action. A US Reliability Coordinator observed a developing oscillation on the interconnection. Using the sychrophasor network they were able to identify a single generator with a malfunctioning AVR as the source of the oscillation. The RC ordered the unit offline until repairs were made.

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How do you apply synchrophasor technology for power system stability monitoring and control?

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1 Benefits of synchrophasors

2 Synchrophasor data acquisition and communication

3 Synchrophasor data processing and analysis

4 Synchrophasor-based control applications

5 Challenges and opportunities of synchrophasor technology

6 Here’s what else to consider

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