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How do you apply malware analysis to incident response and threat hunting?

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Malware analysis is the process of examining malicious software to understand its functionality, origin, and impact. It is a vital skill for incident response and threat hunting, as it can help you identify, contain, and eradicate threats, as well as improve your security posture and intelligence. In this article, you will learn how to apply malware analysis to incident response and threat hunting, and what tools and techniques you can use.

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1 Malware analysis goals

The first step in applying malware analysis to incident response and threat hunting is to define your goals. Depending on the situation, these objectives may include discovering the malware's capabilities, behavior, and indicators of compromise (IOCs), ascertaining its source, attribution, and motivation, extracting useful information from the malware, such as configuration data or encryption keys, developing countermeasures to prevent or detect future infections, and enhancing your threat intelligence and situational awareness by correlating the malware with other incidents or campaigns.

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Filipi Pires

Global Threat Researcher and Cybersecurity Advocate at senhasegura | Snyk Ambassador | Hacking Is Not a Crime Advocate | Speaker | Writer
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A análise de malware desempenha um papel crucial na resposta a incidentes e na ca?a a amea?as, fornecendo insights sobre a natureza dos incidentes de seguran?a e ajudando as organiza??es a identificar e mitigar amea?as de forma proativa. Alguns objetivos que pode ser definidos como: - Identificar e classificar o tipo de malware - Analisar o comportamento do malware - Analisar o código ou binário do malware. - Extrair IOCs - Indicadores de comprometimento como hashes de arquivos, endere?os IP e nomes de domínio. - Realizar engenharia reversa no código do malware. - Fornecer suporte às equipes de resposta a incidentes e Forense. - Trabalhar em conjunto com Threat Intelligence e Threat Hunting.

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2 Malware analysis methods

The next step is to choose the appropriate method of malware analysis. There are two main methods: static and dynamic. Static analysis involves examining the malware's code or structure without executing it, while dynamic analysis involves running the malware in a controlled environment and observing its behavior. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages, and you may need to use a combination of them depending on your goals and resources.

Static analysis can be faster, safer, and more comprehensive than dynamic analysis, as it can reveal the malware's logic, functionality, and dependencies. However, static analysis can also be more difficult, as it requires reverse engineering skills and may encounter obfuscation or encryption techniques that hide the malware's true nature. Static analysis tools include disassemblers, debuggers, decompilers, and hex editors.

Dynamic analysis can be easier, more realistic, and more effective than static analysis, as it can show the malware's actual behavior, network activity, and system changes. However, dynamic analysis can also be more risky, time-consuming, and incomplete than static analysis, as it may trigger anti-analysis or anti-debugging mechanisms, require sandboxing or virtualization, and depend on external factors or inputs. Dynamic analysis tools include monitors, analyzers, emulators, and simulators.

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Filipi Pires

Global Threat Researcher and Cybersecurity Advocate at senhasegura | Snyk Ambassador | Hacking Is Not a Crime Advocate | Speaker | Writer
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Precisamos pensar em uma aplica??o prática de Análise Estática e Análise Dinamica, algumas ideias s?o obter amostras de malware relevantes por meio de fontes confiáveis, utilize ferramentas de análise estática, como debuggers e decompiladores, para examinar o código do malware sem executá-lo. Extraia IOCs, como hashes de arquivos, strings maliciosas e padr?es de código, para usar como indicadores de comprometimento na busca por amea?as. Execute o malware em um ambiente controlado, como uma sandbox, para observar seu comportamento dinamico sem impactar o ambiente de produ??o. Utilize regras de YARA para detec??o e estabele?a um ciclo de feedback contínuo fornencendo essas informa??o para Threat Hunting.

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3 Malware analysis workflow

The third step is to follow a systematic workflow of malware analysis. A typical workflow consists of four phases: collection, triage, analysis, and reporting. Each phase has its own tasks and challenges, and you may need to repeat or skip some of them depending on your goals and resources.

Collection is the phase where you acquire the malware samples from various sources, such as infected systems, network traffic, email attachments, or online repositories. You need to verify the integrity and authenticity of the samples, and store them securely and safely.

Triage is the phase where you prioritize and classify the samples based on their relevance, severity, and complexity. You need to perform a quick and basic analysis of the samples, such as checking their hashes, metadata, strings, or signatures, and determine which ones require further analysis.

Analysis is the phase where you perform a detailed and thorough analysis of the samples using static and dynamic methods. You need to identify the malware's characteristics, functionality, behavior, and IOCs, and extract any useful information from it.

Reporting is the phase where you document and communicate your findings and recommendations. You need to create a clear and concise report that summarizes the malware's features, impact, and mitigation strategies, and share it with the relevant stakeholders or communities.

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Filipi Pires

Global Threat Researcher and Cybersecurity Advocate at senhasegura | Snyk Ambassador | Hacking Is Not a Crime Advocate | Speaker | Writer
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Um workflow cuidadosamente estruturado, compreendendo fases cruciais como coleta, triagem, análise e relatório, desempenha um papel fundamental no sucesso do Threat Hunting, ajudando com IOCs cruciais, como hashes de arquivos, endere?os IP e padr?es de comportamento, que servir?o como referências na busca por amea?as durante o Threat Hunting, A fase de triagem permite uma identifica??o rápida de amea?as potenciais por meio da análise preliminar das amostras coletadas, priorizando aquelas que representam maior risco e A análise permite a identifica??o de Táticas, Técnicas e Procedimentos (TTPs) utilizados pelo malware, contribuindo para a constru??o de um perfil detalhado do ataque.

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4 Malware analysis tools

The fourth step is to use the right tools for malware analysis. There is a wide range of tools available, from free and open-source to commercial and proprietary. Some of the most popular and useful tools include VirusTotal, PEStudio, IDA Pro, OllyDbg, Ghidra, Cuckoo Sandbox, Wireshark, and Volatility. These tools can scan files and URLs with multiple antivirus engines, analyze Windows executable files, disassemble and debug binary files, run files in an isolated environment, capture and analyze network traffic, and analyze memory dumps.

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Filipi Pires

Global Threat Researcher and Cybersecurity Advocate at senhasegura | Snyk Ambassador | Hacking Is Not a Crime Advocate | Speaker | Writer
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A análise de malware envolve o uso de diversas ferramentas especializadas para examinar, compreender e combater essas amea?as. é possivel iniciar como ferramentas de identifica??o como DIE, PEiD, PEstudio, utilizar Disassemblers como IDA Pro e Ghidra. Ferramentas de Redes como Wireshard e TPCdump, Sandbox como Cuckoo entre outras, utiliza??o de regras de YARA, Análise de dump de memória como Volatility, Depurador de código como OllyDbg. Estas s?o apenas algumas das muitas ferramentas disponíveis para analisar malware. A escolha das ferramentas depende do contexto, do tipo de análise a ser realizada e das características específicas do malware em quest?o.

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5 Malware analysis best practices

The fifth step is to follow some best practices for malware analysis. Malware analysis can be a difficult task and requires caution to avoid errors or missteps. It is important to use a dedicated and isolated system, such as a virtual machine or a separate computer, which should be backed up or restored regularly. Additionally, multiple sources and methods of malware analysis should be used, with results and assumptions cross-checked. Furthermore, a consistent and standard naming convention and format should be used for files and reports, with sources, tools, commands, and steps tracked. Finally, it is necessary to keep your skills and knowledge updated, learning from other malware analysts and experts. Malware analysis is a beneficial skill for incident response and threat hunting as it can help understand malicious software threats. Implementing malware analysis in incident response and threat hunting can help increase security posture and intelligence while protecting an organization's assets.

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Filipi Pires

Global Threat Researcher and Cybersecurity Advocate at senhasegura | Snyk Ambassador | Hacking Is Not a Crime Advocate | Speaker | Writer
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A análise de malware bem-executada, baseada em melhores práticas, fortalece a capacidade de detec??o, permitindo que as equipes de Threat Hunting identifiquem comportamentos maliciosos antes que evoluam para amea?as significativas. A abordagem multifacetada, combinando análise estática, dinamica e técnicas de engenharia reversa, proporciona uma compreens?o mais profunda das táticas, técnicas e procedimentos (TTPs) empregados pelos atacantes. Mantenha-se atualizado com as tendências e evolu??es no cenário de amea?as. A análise de malware é uma disciplina em constante mudan?a, e a aprendizagem contínua é fundamental.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Baber Pervez, CISSP
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SentinelOne and other EDR platforms have the capability to hunt for malware installation, execution, and persistence mechanism. These process relationships and distinguishing activity can quickly queried for using these tools. Want to take a look at a collection of such TTP techniques based on live threat data? Try ingesting the Red Canary Threat Reports from 2021, 2022, and 2023. Happy hunting !

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How do you apply malware analysis to incident response and threat hunting?

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1 Malware analysis goals

2 Malware analysis methods

3 Malware analysis workflow

4 Malware analysis tools

5 Malware analysis best practices

6 Here’s what else to consider

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