How can you use formation fluid sampling to improve EOR strategies?

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Formation fluid sampling and testing is a crucial process in the oil and gas industry, as it provides valuable information about the reservoir characteristics, fluid properties, and recovery potential. By analyzing the samples, you can optimize your enhanced oil recovery (EOR) strategies, which aim to increase the amount of oil extracted from a reservoir using various techniques. In this article, you will learn how formation fluid sampling can help you improve your EOR strategies in four ways.

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Krishna Prasad Damodaran

Engineer - Information and Data at Shell

1 Identify EOR candidates

One of the main benefits of formation fluid sampling is that it can help you identify which reservoirs are suitable for EOR applications. By measuring the fluid composition, viscosity, density, and saturation pressure, you can determine the oil quality, mobility, and phase behavior. These factors affect how the oil responds to different EOR methods, such as gas injection, chemical injection, or thermal injection. For example, if the oil is heavy and viscous, you might consider using steam injection to reduce its viscosity and improve its flow. On the other hand, if the oil is light and volatile, you might opt for gas injection to maintain its pressure and prevent gas breakout.

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2 Design EOR processes

Another way formation fluid sampling can help you improve your EOR strategies is by enabling you to design the optimal EOR processes for your reservoirs. By knowing the fluid properties and behavior, you can select the most effective EOR agents, such as gases, chemicals, or microbes, and determine the optimal injection rates, pressures, and volumes. You can also evaluate the compatibility and stability of the EOR agents with the reservoir fluids and rocks, and avoid potential issues such as precipitation, emulsification, or corrosion. For example, if you are using carbon dioxide (CO2) as an EOR agent, you need to know the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) of the oil and CO2 mixture, which is the lowest pressure at which the two fluids can mix completely and enhance the oil recovery.

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3 Monitor EOR performance

A third way formation fluid sampling can help you improve your EOR strategies is by allowing you to monitor the EOR performance and efficiency over time. By taking periodic samples from the production wells, you can track the changes in the fluid composition, properties, and behavior, and assess the impact of the EOR agents on the oil recovery. You can also detect any signs of EOR breakthrough, which is when the injected fluids reach the production wells and reduce the oil production. By monitoring the EOR performance, you can adjust your EOR parameters, such as injection rates, pressures, and volumes, to optimize the oil recovery and minimize the costs.

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Krishna Prasad Damodaran

Engineer - Information and Data at Shell
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Conducting regular reservoir simulations to predict future performance and optimize EOR strategies over time can help in proactive monitoring of eor projects. Incorporating new formation sampling data into simulation models for accuracy can also help. Conduct production logging to assess flow profiles and identify zones contributing to production. Use flow meters, fluid density sensors, and temperature gauges for detailed logging.

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4 Evaluate EOR economics

A fourth way formation fluid sampling can help you improve your EOR strategies is by helping you evaluate the economic viability and profitability of your EOR projects. By analyzing the samples, you can estimate the oil reserves, recovery factor, and production profile of your reservoirs, and compare them with the costs and risks of implementing the EOR methods. You can also assess the environmental and social impacts of your EOR projects, such as greenhouse gas emissions, water consumption, and community engagement. By evaluating the EOR economics, you can make informed decisions about whether to pursue, modify, or abandon your EOR projects, and maximize your return on investment.

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5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Merlin Lukose, P.Eng.

Engineer @ TC Energy I Energy Forecasting and Fundamentals I Reservoir Engineering I Asset Development I Integrated System Modeling I Data Analytics
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Formation fluid sampling helps in implementing conformance control as it provides data on whether injected EOR agents are moving through the reservoir as intended. Diagnostic tools like spinner logs, Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS), and tracer-tagged fluids are used to monitor fluid movement within the reservoir. Data from these tools can reveal if there are channels through which EOR agents are moving too quickly or bypassing oil-rich zones. Techniques like chemical gel squeezes or smart completions can then be employed to modify the flow paths. Ongoing analysis of offset well rates, fluid compositions, and breakthrough times helps in fine-tuning the EOR strategies.

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How can you use formation fluid sampling to improve EOR strategies?

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1 Identify EOR candidates

2 Design EOR processes

3 Monitor EOR performance

4 Evaluate EOR economics

5 Here’s what else to consider

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