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How can you use cumulative flow diagrams to track agile team performance?

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Cumulative flow diagrams (CFDs) are a powerful tool for agile product managers to monitor and improve their team's performance. CFDs show how work items flow through different stages of a process over time, such as backlog, in progress, and done. By analyzing the shape, width, and slope of the CFD, you can identify bottlenecks, waste, and variability in your workflow, and take action to optimize it. In this article, you will learn how to use CFDs to track agile team performance, and what metrics and insights you can derive from them.

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VIJAYAKUMAR K.

Director (Product Management) at Standard Chartered Bank | LinkedIn Top Voice |Open Banking| API | Banking | Digital…
Erivan D.

Bridging business needs with valuable solutions! CBAP, PMP, CSM, ITIL & COBIT

1 What is a CFD?

A CFD is a stacked area chart that plots the number of work items (such as user stories, tasks, or features) in each stage of a process on the vertical axis, and the time (such as days, weeks, or months) on the horizontal axis. Each stage is represented by a different color, and the total height of the chart at any point shows the total number of work items in the system. The CFD can be generated from a Kanban board, a Scrum backlog, or any other tool that tracks the status of work items.

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VIJAYAKUMAR K.

Director (Product Management) at Standard Chartered Bank | LinkedIn Top Voice |Open Banking| API | Banking | Digital Transformation |SAFe 5 POPM & LPM | PSPO | ICP-APO |DevOps Leader|ICAgile ATF,ACC, ENT & CAT|PSM|LUMA
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The cumulative flow diagram (also known as CFD) is one of the most advanced Kanban and Agile analytics charts. It provides a concise visualization of the three most important metrics of your Agile flow: ? Throughput ? Cycle time ? Work in progress Its main purpose is to show you how stable your flow is and help you understand where you need to focus on making your process more predictable. It gives you quantitative and qualitative insight into past and existing problems and can visualize massive amounts of data.

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Erivan D.

Bridging business needs with valuable solutions! CBAP, PMP, CSM, ITIL & COBIT
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By displaying work items at different stages over time, the chart acts as a dynamic window into the efficiency of processes. The changing heights and colors reveal bottlenecks, flow optimizations, and overall trends, empowering teams to make data-driven decisions for continuous improvement. The CFD is not just a chart; it's a performance navigator guiding teams towards enhanced productivity and delivery.

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2 How to read a CFD?

A CFD can be used to gain insight into your team's performance, such as the lead time (the average time it takes for a work item to go from start to finish), the cycle time (the average time it takes for a work item to go from one stage to another), the throughput (the average number of work items completed per unit of time), the work in progress (WIP) (the number of work items currently in the system or any stage of the process), and the flow efficiency (the ratio of value-adding time to total lead time). These are all measured by different aspects of the chart, such as its height, slope, and proportion of value-adding stages.

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VIJAYAKUMAR K.

Director (Product Management) at Standard Chartered Bank | LinkedIn Top Voice |Open Banking| API | Banking | Digital Transformation |SAFe 5 POPM & LPM | PSPO | ICP-APO |DevOps Leader|ICAgile ATF,ACC, ENT & CAT|PSM|LUMA
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3 common scenarios 1] A Band Is Rapidly Widening- # of cards that enter the corresponding stage on the Kanban board is higher than the # of assignments leaving it. It is a common problem caused by multitasking and other waste Note: Reconsider the existing WIP limits on your Kanban board & focus on finishing tasks that are in progress before starting new ones 2] A Band Is Rapidly Narrowing- throughput of the stage it represents is higher than the entry rate. This is a sign that you’ve got more capacity than you really need at this stage & you should relocate it to optimize the flow

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VIJAYAKUMAR K.

Director (Product Management) at Standard Chartered Bank | LinkedIn Top Voice |Open Banking| API | Banking | Digital Transformation |SAFe 5 POPM & LPM | PSPO | ICP-APO |DevOps Leader|ICAgile ATF,ACC, ENT & CAT|PSM|LUMA
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3] The Bands Are Progressing in Parallel - your throughput is stable, and new tasks are entering your workflow in parallel to those that are leaving it. This is the ideal outcome and shows that you can focus your efforts on shortening your assignments' cycle times

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3 How to use a CFD to track agile team performance?

A CFD can help you track agile team performance by showing you how your team is delivering value to customers, and how you can improve your process to deliver faster, better, and more consistently. To do this, you should monitor the lead time and cycle time trends over time to see if they are increasing, decreasing, or stable. It is also important to keep an eye on the throughput trend to make sure it is increasing. Additionally, you should monitor the WIP level over time and aim to limit it as much as possible. Moreover, you should track the flow efficiency over time and try to increase it. Lastly, you should identify and eliminate bottlenecks, waste, and variability in your process by looking for signs such as a widening gap between the colors in the chart, a narrowing gap between the colors in the chart, or a sudden spike or drop in the height or slope of the chart.

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4 How to create a CFD?

Creating a CFD is made easier with tools and software such as Excel, Jira, Trello, or LeanKit. However, the basic steps are to define stages of the process and assign a color to each stage. Then, collect the data of the number of work items in each stage at regular intervals and plot it on a stacked area chart with the time on the horizontal axis and the number of work items on the vertical axis. Use colors to represent the stages and label the axes, the colors, and the metrics. Lastly, add a title and a legend to your chart.

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5 How to improve your CFD?

A CFD is not a static or fixed chart, but a dynamic and evolving one. To improve your CFD, you should review it regularly with your team and stakeholders to discuss the trends, issues, and opportunities for improvement. Additionally, experimenting with changes to your process, such as limiting the WIP or reducing the batch size, can be beneficial. It's also important to measure the impact of your changes on your CFD to see if they lead to better outcomes. Finally, adjusting your process based on your learnings and feedback, and iterating until you achieve your desired results is essential.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Thaejas K.
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1) Collaborate with the PO/Biz to prioritise and refine stories in increments rather than in bulk. 2) Use the FIFO for coding/testing. 3) ensure the stories are precise, very small. This can be achieved with maximum 1 or 2 acceptance criteria in a single story.

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How can you use cumulative flow diagrams to track agile team performance?

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1 What is a CFD?

2 How to read a CFD?

3 How to use a CFD to track agile team performance?

4 How to create a CFD?

5 How to improve your CFD?

6 Here’s what else to consider

Product Management

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How can you use cumulative flow diagrams to track agile team performance?

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1 What is a CFD?

2 How to read a CFD?

3 How to use a CFD to track agile team performance?

4 How to create a CFD?

5 How to improve your CFD?

6 Here’s what else to consider

Product Management

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