How can you troubleshoot server issues with RAID?

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RAID, or Redundant Array of Independent Disks, is a technique to combine multiple disks into a single logical unit that can improve performance, reliability, or both. However, RAID is not a foolproof solution and sometimes you may encounter server issues related to it. In this article, you will learn how to troubleshoot some common RAID problems and what tools and steps you can use to resolve them.

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1 Identify the RAID level

The first thing you need to do when troubleshooting server issues with RAID is to identify the RAID level that your server is using. Different RAID levels have different advantages and disadvantages, and they also have different ways of handling disk failures, data recovery, and rebuilds. For example, RAID 0 offers the fastest speed but no redundancy, RAID 1 offers the highest redundancy but low capacity, and RAID 5 offers a balance between speed and redundancy but requires more disks. You can use various commands or utilities to check the RAID level, such as cat /proc/mdstat on Linux or diskmgmt.msc on Windows.

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Nohra Cheiban

IT Specialist
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RAID is the best solution for hard drives failures or boot sectors issues or read/write memory errors within running disk on servers. The best metodology is the RAID 5 as it combines disks of three disks with two of them working (redundancy of 33%) with a good speed and high performace. RAID is used on most servers including ESX configuration also for server redundancy. Most servers have key lights next to the their hard disks to identify the corrupted one, or the defected one and the role of sysadmin is to check on them while making his routine daily tasks. RAID could be monitored via a tool offered by each server brand for RAID management and this tool could be configured from BIOS or UEFI and has a framework. Best regards,

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Sébastien L.

Sr. Hybrid Infrastructure & Production Engineer ???????Lead SRE (Sys/Net/Sec/Ops) ? Manager ? Cybersecurity & IaC enthusiast ? Head of IT
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Identifiez le niveau RAID utilisé (RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, 10, etc.). Chaque niveau offre un équilibre différent entre performance, capacité et tolérance aux pannes. Comprendre le niveau RAID est essentiel pour diagnostiquer correctement les problèmes et planifier les mesures de récupération adéquates.

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2 Check the disk status

The next thing you need to do is to check the status of each disk in the RAID array. You can use tools like smartctl or hdparm on Linux or wmic diskdrive get status on Windows to monitor the health and performance of your disks. You should look for signs of disk failure, such as bad sectors, read/write errors, or high temperatures. If you find any disk that is faulty or degraded, you should replace it as soon as possible to avoid data loss or further damage to the RAID array.

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Dinesh Parisutham

IT Support Specialist ?????| Blogger????| Tech Enthusiast ??????
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Check Disk Drive Status: Use the RAID management software or the server's hardware monitoring tools to check the individual status of each disk drive. Identify any failed or degraded drives and replace them promptly.

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Sébastien L.

Sr. Hybrid Infrastructure & Production Engineer ???????Lead SRE (Sys/Net/Sec/Ops) ? Manager ? Cybersecurity & IaC enthusiast ? Head of IT
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Inspectez l'état de chaque disque de la grappe RAID. Utilisez des outils de diagnostic pour détecter les disques défectueux ou en fin de vie. Remplacez rapidement les disques défaillants pour prévenir la perte de données et maintenir l'intégrité du RAID.

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3 Verify the data consistency

Another thing you need to do is to verify the data consistency of your RAID array. Data consistency means that the data on each disk is synchronized and matches the expected data. Data inconsistency can occur due to various reasons, such as power failures, system crashes, or human errors. Data inconsistency can lead to data corruption, performance degradation, or even data loss. You can use tools like mdadm or fsck on Linux or chkdsk or raidrecon on Windows to check and repair the data consistency of your RAID array.

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Sébastien L.

Sr. Hybrid Infrastructure & Production Engineer ???????Lead SRE (Sys/Net/Sec/Ops) ? Manager ? Cybersecurity & IaC enthusiast ? Head of IT
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Assurez-vous de la cohérence des données au sein du RAID. Utilisez des outils comme mdadm pour les RAIDs logiciels ou des utilitaires fournis par le fabricant pour les RAIDs matériels. Vérifiez les journaux pour détecter les erreurs de synchronisation ou de redondance.

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4 Monitor the RAID performance

The last thing you need to do is to monitor the RAID performance of your server. RAID performance can be affected by many factors, such as the RAID level, the disk type, the disk size, the disk speed, the controller type, the cache size, the stripe size, the workload, and the configuration. You can use tools like iostat or sar on Linux or perfmon or diskspd on Windows to measure and optimize the RAID performance of your server. You should look for metrics like throughput, latency, IOPS, and CPU utilization. You should also tune the RAID parameters, such as the cache mode, the write policy, the read policy, and the rebuild priority, to suit your needs and goals.

Troubleshooting server issues with RAID can be challenging, but it can also be rewarding. By following these steps and using these tools, you can diagnose and fix some common RAID problems and improve the performance and reliability of your server.

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Dinesh Parisutham

IT Support Specialist ?????| Blogger????| Tech Enthusiast ??????
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Monitor RAID Array Status: Use the RAID management software provided by the controller manufacturer to monitor the status of the RAID array. Look for any warnings or errors regarding the array's health, such as failed disks, degraded status, or reconstruction issues.

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Sébastien L.

Sr. Hybrid Infrastructure & Production Engineer ???????Lead SRE (Sys/Net/Sec/Ops) ? Manager ? Cybersecurity & IaC enthusiast ? Head of IT
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Utilisez des outils comme Sar et d'autres solutions de surveillance pour suivre les performances RAID. Surveillez les indicateurs clés comme le débit, les temps de réponse et les taux d'erreur. Des performances dégradées peuvent indiquer des problèmes imminents nécessitant une intervention.

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5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Amine MECIFI

Public Speaker - Author - Quiet Quitting Advocate - Fighting Corporate Toxicity
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With RAID you add redundancy, but at the cost of more complexity. I've seen RAID cards with faulty firmware or faulty ASIC where the data was so corrupted that it couldn't be recovered. What you see on the screen is just millions of errors scrolling faster than you can read. I've never trusted software RAIDs. They work when they work, but when there are problems, troubleshooting is harder because you have to do it from a machine that has problems with its RAID! I have experienced a case where a server was subject to a DDOS attack. The CPU was 100% utilised for hours. As a result, there were not enough cycles for the software RAID. It slowly filled its cache then corrupted the data. This is why a backup is also necessary for a RAID.

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Joseph Auermann

Director, Information Technology
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When troubleshooting a RAID configuration, start with the basics. Check cables, ensure all drives are operational, and inspect RAID management software for alerts. Sometimes, the solution lies in the simplicity of connection and communication between the drives. #TroubleshootingTips

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Tony Bosman

Dell Technologies Advisory Solutions Architect, Storage SME, SYSTEMS ENGINEER, Team Manager, Mentor, Trainer
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RAID stands for "Redundant Array of Inexpensive Devices". It refers to the grouping of a number of disk (typically) storage devices, applying an amount of recovery data stripes with the user data, accross the available disks. There are differnet types of RAID one could consider with the most popular being RAID5. RAID6 is also used often as it applies a 2nd parity (recovery data ) stripe, allowing for more hardware failure to be tolerated. Typically the msot performant types of RAID are mirror sets, although these arrangements also result in only half the total capacity being available to the user, as the 2nd half is the recovery image. There area really good sources of information and explanations on the internet.

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Sébastien L.

Sr. Hybrid Infrastructure & Production Engineer ???????Lead SRE (Sys/Net/Sec/Ops) ? Manager ? Cybersecurity & IaC enthusiast ? Head of IT
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En plus de la surveillance et de l'entretien, assurez-vous que votre solution RAID est correctement redondée et sauvegardée. Bien que le RAID offre une tolérance aux pannes, il ne remplace pas une stratégie de sauvegarde complète. Planifiez des sauvegardes régulières et testez vos plans de récupération pour garantir la continuité des opérations en cas de défaillance majeure.

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How can you troubleshoot server issues with RAID?

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5

1 Identify the RAID level

2 Check the disk status

3 Verify the data consistency

4 Monitor the RAID performance

5 Here’s what else to consider

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How can you troubleshoot server issues with RAID?

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3

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1 Identify the RAID level

2 Check the disk status

3 Verify the data consistency

4 Monitor the RAID performance

5 Here’s what else to consider

System Administration

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