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Last updated on 2024年7月18日

How can you simplify embedded systems?

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Embedded systems are specialized computers that perform specific tasks within larger systems or devices. They are often used in applications such as industrial automation, robotics, automotive, aerospace, medical, and consumer electronics. However, designing and developing embedded systems can be complex and challenging, as they have to meet various requirements such as performance, reliability, security, power consumption, and cost. How can you simplify embedded systems and make your work easier and more efficient? Here are some tips and best practices to follow.

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Sudhanshu Shekhar (he/him/his)
Uli Bartels

Ph.D. Student @ IMPRS-IS and Uni Stuttgart | Developing novel human-computer interfaces for seamless collaboration

1 Choose the right hardware

The first step to simplify embedded systems is to choose the right hardware for your project. You need to consider the specifications and features of the microcontroller, memory, sensors, actuators, communication interfaces, and other components that you will use. You also need to evaluate the trade-offs between different options, such as speed, power, size, cost, and compatibility. You should select the hardware that meets your functional and non-functional requirements, as well as your budget and timeline.

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2 Use a modular approach

A modular approach means dividing your embedded system into smaller and independent units that can be tested and reused separately. This can help you simplify embedded systems by reducing the complexity and dependencies of the code, improving the readability and maintainability of the software, and facilitating the integration and debugging of the system. You can use a modular approach by following some design principles, such as abstraction, encapsulation, cohesion, and coupling. You can also use frameworks and libraries that provide ready-made modules for common tasks and functions.

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Sudhanshu Shekhar (he/him/his)
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I agree, there is an approach called low coupling and high cohesion that you should follow while implementing and integrating the modules. In other words the purpose of a module should be well defined and its functionality should stick to it. Low coupling between modules helps while debugging issues or adding any new features. No two modules should be interdependent on each other, changes if applicable for any module should not affect the functionality of the other.

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3 Follow coding standards

Coding standards are rules and guidelines that define how to write and format your code. They can help you simplify embedded systems by ensuring the consistency and quality of the code, avoiding errors and bugs, and making the code easier to understand and modify. You should follow coding standards that are relevant and appropriate for your project, such as the MISRA C or C++ standards for embedded systems. You should also use tools and techniques that help you enforce and check the coding standards, such as code reviews, static analysis, and code formatting.

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Uli Bartels

Ph.D. Student @ IMPRS-IS and Uni Stuttgart | Developing novel human-computer interfaces for seamless collaboration
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On the circuit side: follow reference designs. Board spins take weeks and hundreds if not thousands of dollars so you want to tightly control the number of unknowns in your circuit. That includes new designs, new parts, new footprints. It may feel like assembling your system via copy/paste but this will actually allow you to focus on more interesting, high-level problems.

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4 Automate testing and debugging

Testing and debugging are essential steps to ensure the functionality and reliability of your embedded system. However, they can also be time-consuming and tedious, especially if you have to do them manually. You can simplify embedded systems by automating testing and debugging as much as possible, using tools and methods that help you verify and validate your code, hardware, and system. For example, you can use unit testing frameworks, code coverage tools, simulators, emulators, debuggers, and logging tools.

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5 Document your work

Documentation is the process of creating and maintaining records and information about your embedded system. It can help you simplify embedded systems by providing a clear and comprehensive overview of the design, development, and operation of the system, as well as the rationale and decisions behind it. Documentation can also help you communicate and collaborate with other developers, users, and stakeholders, as well as troubleshoot and update the system in the future. You should document your work using formats and tools that suit your needs and preferences, such as comments, diagrams, manuals, wikis, or repositories.

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Uli Bartels

Ph.D. Student @ IMPRS-IS and Uni Stuttgart | Developing novel human-computer interfaces for seamless collaboration
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Schematics are also a great place to document your decision process. Label your wires in a way that clearly identifies the signal, group signals if they belong to the same bus, label major circuit elements so that you can tell what is what when zoomed out, leave notes that explain how your pullup or pulldown resistors configure a part, with a reference to that section of the datasheet. The best schematics have notes all over, linking part decisions or deviations from reference designs to the problem they're solving.

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6 Keep learning and improving

The last tip to simplify embedded systems is to keep learning and improving your skills and knowledge. Embedded systems are constantly evolving and changing, as new technologies, standards, and trends emerge. You should stay updated and informed about the latest developments and innovations in the field, as well as the best practices and lessons learned from other projects and experts. You should also seek feedback and advice from your peers and mentors, as well as review and evaluate your own work and performance. By doing so, you can simplify embedded systems by finding better and smarter ways to solve problems and create solutions.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Oliver J.

Embedded Software Developer at NXTech AS
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Validating code on actual hardware is crucial whenever possible. For instance, integrating a new accelerometer might seem seamless through unit tests, but deploying it to the microcontroller could reveal conflicts with existing sensors. This real-world testing helps identify unexpected interactions early in development.

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How can you simplify embedded systems?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Choose the right hardware

2 Use a modular approach

3 Follow coding standards

4 Automate testing and debugging

5 Document your work

6 Keep learning and improving

7 Here’s what else to consider

Electrical Engineering

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How can you simplify embedded systems?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Choose the right hardware

2 Use a modular approach

3 Follow coding standards

4 Automate testing and debugging

5 Document your work

6 Keep learning and improving

7 Here’s what else to consider

Electrical Engineering

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