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How can you safely manage risks when loading and unloading cargo?

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Loading and unloading cargo is a vital part of marine engineering, but it also involves various hazards and challenges. If not done properly, it can cause damage to the ship, the cargo, the environment, and the personnel involved. Therefore, it is essential to follow some best practices and guidelines to safely manage risks when loading and unloading cargo. Here are some of the key aspects to consider.

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1 Plan ahead

Before loading or unloading cargo, you should have a clear plan that covers the type, quantity, weight, and distribution of the cargo, the loading or unloading sequence, the equipment and personnel required, the weather and sea conditions, and the emergency procedures. You should also communicate the plan with all the relevant parties, such as the ship's crew, the port authorities, the cargo owners, and the agents. A well-prepared plan can help you avoid delays, errors, and accidents.

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Philip Stapleton-Povey

Business Development Manager | COC II/1 Unlimited | ASyI
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In my experience all of the above points mentioned are key to establishing the success of an operation before it has even begun, there are so many factors that can alter and affect the success of an operation that vigilance and planning are required to ensure smooth cargo operations.

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Fabio Roberto Gama Encarna??o

Dirigente sindical. Representante Sindical. Estivador. Operador de equipamentos portuarios de grande porte. Trabalhador Portuario Avulso. Multifuncional.
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O planejamento deve ser flexível, uma vez que a carga e os espa?os s?o de dimens?es n?o compatíveis. Um por?o de navio tem um tamanho específico e acomoda cargas de tamanhos variados. Nesta etapa também deve ser estabelecida a ordem de carregamento ou descarregamento considerando o destino final, o peso, o processo de manipula??o a bordo e se irá utilizar equipamento para empilhar ou mover uma carga. Evitar retrabalho ou reestivagem auxilia na preven??o de perdas e de acidentes. Considerar se terá trabalhadores proximos à carga, acessórios e materiais de estivagem e de pea??o, sendo necessário avaliar os riscos e perigos da opera??o, previamente e garantir meios de acesso seguros de entrada e saída dos por?es e o direito de recusa.

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2 Follow the rules

Loading and unloading cargo is subject to various rules and regulations, such as the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, the International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) Code, and the local port rules. You should be familiar with these rules and comply with them at all times. They provide standards and guidance on how to handle different types of cargo, such as containers, bulk, liquid, or hazardous materials, and how to ensure the stability, security, and safety of the ship and the cargo.

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Rouble Kaul

Marine-Mechanical Engineer | Generative AI & Digital Supply Chain SME | Strategy and Partnerships @ KATBOTZ
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Cargo operations are complex, challenging, and highly expected to not go by the "PLAN". I would rank "SITUATIONAL AWARENESS" as a top contributor here and you would all agree it's easier said than done. It is a mix of your proactive and reactive ability. It requires experienced professionalism (you might not be in a situation to read the book to go by the book), decision-making ability(your go-to person might be enjoying his shore leave), emergency preparedness(in a way knowing that what could go wrong if this doesn't go right), overpowering complacency (it can happen to me rather than it won't happen to me) and lastly managing your work and rest hours (an overworked crew member tends to lose direction).

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3 Inspect and maintain

Before loading or unloading cargo, you should inspect and maintain the ship's cargo handling equipment, such as cranes, winches, pumps, valves, pipes, and hoses. You should also check the cargo spaces, such as holds, tanks, and decks, for any defects, damages, or leaks. You should report and repair any problems as soon as possible. You should also inspect the cargo itself for any signs of deterioration, contamination, or damage. You should reject or isolate any cargo that does not meet the quality or safety standards.

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4 Monitor and control

During loading or unloading cargo, you should monitor and control the cargo operations carefully. You should supervise the loading or unloading process, coordinate with the shore personnel, and adjust the ship's ballast, trim, and draft as needed. You should also monitor the ship's stability, stress, and load distribution, and ensure that they are within the acceptable limits. You should also monitor the weather and sea conditions, and be ready to stop or suspend the operations if they become unsafe or unfavorable.

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Fabio Roberto Gama Encarna??o

Dirigente sindical. Representante Sindical. Estivador. Operador de equipamentos portuarios de grande porte. Trabalhador Portuario Avulso. Multifuncional.
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Um fator complexo nessa opera??o vem da velocidade (tempo medio total) para carregar ou descarregar um navio. As complica??es e condi??es adversas trazem impactos nos prazos acordados. Atender prazo contratual, n?o deve ser fator de aumento de risco da opera??o. Novos processos de manipula??o s?o testados e adotados a todo instante mediante um problema a ser vencido e o que deu certo hoje em um determinado cenário, pode n?o funcionar num segundo momento. Esse dinamismo é um dos grandes diferenciais do modal maritimo, que comporta um volume muito elevado de carga que será transportada de um ponto a outro. Adapta??es emergenciais s?o feitas com certa frequência e necessitam de acompanhento tecnico e até mesmo certifica??o de conformidade.

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5 Protect and prevent

Loading and unloading cargo can expose you and your ship to various risks, such as fire, explosion, spillage, pollution, injury, or theft. You should take measures to protect and prevent these risks from happening. You should follow the fire prevention and firefighting procedures, use personal protective equipment (PPE), secure and seal the cargo spaces, and implement security and access control measures. You should also follow the environmental protection and waste management procedures, and avoid or minimize any discharge or emission of harmful substances.

Loading and unloading cargo is a complex and critical task that requires skill, knowledge, and caution. By following these best practices and guidelines, you can safely manage risks and ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of your cargo operations.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Fabio Roberto Gama Encarna??o

Dirigente sindical. Representante Sindical. Estivador. Operador de equipamentos portuarios de grande porte. Trabalhador Portuario Avulso. Multifuncional.
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Aos estivadores, buscar minimizar os riscos ergonomicos, de ruido, poeiras, vibra??o, proje??o ou queda de materiais, entre outros. Verificar que a cada camada de carga, novos perigos podem surgir ou mudar de posi??o alguns riscos e dificuldades operacionais. Por fim e talvez o mais importante frente aos desafios do momento global, a seguran?a psicológica para os estivadores, estabelecendo limites e competências claras, evitando press?es sobre aquilo que n?o lhes é de responsabilidade, mediante as condi??es diversas da movimenta??o e manipula??o de cargas, e, dar valor à expertise e competência. Previnir sempre será melhor do que corrigir. Equipes focadas, treinadas e supervisionadas para a seguran?a de todo o processo e de si mesmas.

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How can you safely manage risks when loading and unloading cargo?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Plan ahead

2 Follow the rules

3 Inspect and maintain

4 Monitor and control

5 Protect and prevent

6 Here’s what else to consider

Marine Engineering

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How can you safely manage risks when loading and unloading cargo?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Plan ahead

2 Follow the rules

3 Inspect and maintain

4 Monitor and control

5 Protect and prevent

6 Here’s what else to consider

Marine Engineering

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