How can you preload critical resources to optimize web app performance?

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Web applications often rely on various resources, such as images, fonts, scripts, and stylesheets, to deliver a rich and interactive user experience. However, loading these resources can take time and affect the performance and perceived speed of your web app. How can you optimize your web app performance by preloading critical resources that are essential for the initial rendering or functionality of your web app? In this article, we will explain what preloading is, how it works, and how to use it effectively.

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Parthipan N.

Full-stack Developer | JavaScript | TypeScript | Python | MERN | AWS | PostgreSQL

1 What is preloading?

Preloading is a technique that allows you to instruct the browser to fetch and download certain resources in advance, before they are actually needed by the web app. This way, you can reduce the latency and improve the responsiveness of your web app, especially for resources that are not discoverable by the browser until later in the loading process. For example, you can preload a custom font that is applied by a stylesheet that is loaded asynchronously, or a script that is executed after the document is ready.

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Aditya Mishra

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Preloading is a technique that allows browsers to load resources before they are needed by a user. This technique can be used to load images, scripts, stylesheets, fonts, videos, frames, or entire websites. Preloading is a web standard that aims to improve performance and give developers more control over how a webpage loads. It gives developers the ability to prompt browsers to start loading resources that will be needed soon.

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2 How does preloading work?

Preloading works by adding a <link> tag with the rel attribute set to preload and the href attribute set to the URL of the resource you want to preload. You can also specify the as attribute to indicate the type of the resource, such as image, script, style, font, etc. This helps the browser to assign the appropriate priority and apply the correct content policies to the resource. For example, to preload an image, you can use: <link rel="preload" href="image.jpg" as="image"> You can add the preload link tags in the <head> section of your HTML document, or dynamically with JavaScript. However, you should only preload resources that are critical for the initial rendering or functionality of your web app, and avoid overloading the browser with unnecessary requests.

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Aditya Mishra

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Preloading is a process that involves telling a browser to load a resource earlier than it would normally. This is done by including an instruction in the source code of a website that refers to the resource to be preloaded. Userpilot Preloading can be used to improve a site's performance by giving the user more control over how the site loads. For example, a user can preload a font to ensure that it downloads at the same time as the stylesheet. Preloading is also used in games to allow users to unlock, unpack, and install games before their official release date.

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3 What are the benefits of preloading?

Preloading can offer several benefits for your web app performance, such as reducing render-blocking and improving user experience. Preloading resources that are required for the initial rendering of your web app can prevent a flash of unstyled text (FOUT) or a flash of invisible text (FOIT). Additionally, preloading resources that are important for the interactivity or functionality of your web app can enhance the user experience and engagement. Furthermore, preloading resources that are not discoverable by the browser until later in the loading process can optimize the resource priority and allocation, ensuring that the resource is fetched earlier and faster.

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Aditya Mishra

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In engineering, preloading can improve the accuracy of running and position. It can also increase bearing rigidity and prevent sliding movements. Preload is a force that acts between the bearing rings and rolling elements. It can be considered negative internal clearance. Preloading can also refer to loading parts of a video source before the video starts playing. This can improve the user experience by allowing the video to play faster. In web browsing, preloading can help pages open faster by predicting where the user might go next. The browser preloads the page's data in the background so the page can open immediately.

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4 What are the challenges of preloading?

Preloading can present some challenges for your web app performance, such as increasing bandwidth consumption by preloading resources that are not actually used, competing with other requests that are more important or urgent, and adding complexity and maintenance. For instance, preloading an image that is only visible on a certain viewport size or device can result in unnecessary downloads and data usage. Additionally, preloading a resource that is only needed on a user action or event can delay the loading of other resources that are needed for the critical rendering path or the above-the-fold content. Moreover, preloading a resource that is based on user preferences, browser capabilities, or network conditions can require additional logic and code to handle different scenarios and cases.

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Aditya Mishra

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There are several challenges associated with preloading, including: Bandwidth: Preloading competes with render-blocking files for bandwidth, which can make the download take longer and the page render more slowly. Bandwidth cost: Media preloading can increase bandwidth costs for delivering media content. Client-side resources: Media preloading can increase client-side bandwidth and resource usage, such as battery and CPU usage. Excessive preloading: Excessive preloading can waste bandwidth. Incorrect preloading: If the preload is set too loose, the rear end may whine, and the pinion gear may attempt to walk up the ring gear. Incorrect cache: Preloading cache may not be done correctly due to server resources.

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5 How to use preloading effectively?

To use preloading effectively, you should follow some best practices and tips. Start by analyzing and measuring your web app performance with tools like Lighthouse, WebPageTest, or Chrome DevTools. Use metrics like First Contentful Paint (FCP), Largest Contentful Paint (LCP), Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS), or Time to Interactive (TTI) to evaluate your web app performance. Then, preload only what is necessary and beneficial for the initial rendering or functionality of your web app. Consider the trade-offs and impacts of preloading on your web app performance, and use tools like PreloadWebpackPlugin, PreloadHero, or Guess.js to automate and optimize the preloading of your resources. Finally, use the preloading attributes and features that are available to control and customize the preloading of your resources. Features like prefetch, preload, or preconnect can indicate the different levels and modes of preloading. You can also use features like HTTP/2 Server Push or Resource Hints to complement and enhance the preloading of your resources.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Parthipan N.

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If your page is not dynamic always send them as HTML over the wire using the static site generation technique. This generally solves a lot of performance and metrics-related issues, especially when cached. Also, use pre-loading sparingly and with caution. It's a trade-off involving bandwidth in exchange for a seamless first-load experience. So consider using it only where it makes sense.

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How can you preload critical resources to optimize web app performance?

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6

1 What is preloading?

2 How does preloading work?

3 What are the benefits of preloading?

4 What are the challenges of preloading?

5 How to use preloading effectively?

6 Here’s what else to consider

Software Design

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How can you preload critical resources to optimize web app performance?

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6

1 What is preloading?

2 How does preloading work?

3 What are the benefits of preloading?

4 What are the challenges of preloading?

5 How to use preloading effectively?

6 Here’s what else to consider

Software Design

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