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How can you organize game code for large projects?

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Organizing game code for large projects can be a daunting task. You want to avoid messy, hard-to-maintain, and bug-prone code that slows down your development process and reduces your game quality. How can you structure your game code in a way that makes it easier to work with, reuse, and scale? In this article, you will learn some common principles and practices that can help you organize your game code for large projects.

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Younes Vatankhah

Back End Developer
Arseniy Shestakov

Co-Founder & CTO at Hack The Publisher
Janus Kjempff

Senior Software Developer (Tech-Lead)

1 Modular design

One of the key principles of organizing game code is modular design. Modular design means breaking down your game into smaller, independent, and interchangeable units, or modules, that perform specific functions. Modules can be classes, functions, scripts, assets, or any other logical unit of code that can be used and combined in different ways. Modular design allows you to reduce complexity, improve readability, enhance reusability, and facilitate testing and debugging of your game code.

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2 Naming conventions

Another important aspect of organizing game code is naming conventions. Naming conventions are rules or guidelines that you follow when naming your variables, functions, classes, files, folders, or any other element of your game code. Naming conventions help you create consistent, meaningful, and descriptive names that make your code easier to understand and maintain. Naming conventions also help you avoid conflicts, errors, and confusion when working with multiple files or collaborators. Some common naming conventions are camelCase, PascalCase, snake_case, and kebab-case.

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3 Code comments

Code comments are lines of text that you write in your code to explain what it does, why it does it, how it does it, or any other information that can help you or others understand your code better. Code comments are not executed by the compiler or the interpreter, so they do not affect the performance or functionality of your game. Code comments are essential for organizing game code, especially for large projects, because they help you document your code, communicate your intentions, and clarify your logic.

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Younes Vatankhah

Back End Developer
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Comments are really that bright light in the code, not even for others, it's beneficial for you to determine what you've done after some time, so I suggest writing simple and efficient comments for your code and writing them ELI5 and including them in your code as much as possible to avoid any confusion

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4 Code formatting

Code formatting is the way you arrange and style your code to make it more readable and consistent. Code formatting includes aspects such as indentation, spacing, line breaks, brackets, parentheses, and punctuation. Code formatting helps you organize game code by creating a visual structure and hierarchy that shows the flow and logic of your code. Code formatting also helps you avoid syntax errors and bugs that can result from poorly formatted code. You can use tools such as code editors, linters, and formatters to help you format your code automatically or according to your preferences.

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Arseniy Shestakov

Co-Founder & CTO at Hack The Publisher
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Unlike in other industries code formatting is easy in game development: you just stick to formatting guidelines of game engine or framework you using. Fighting your tools is absolutely not worth it.

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5 Code refactoring

Code refactoring is the process of improving the quality and design of your existing code without changing its functionality or behavior. Code refactoring helps you organize game code by removing redundant, obsolete, or unnecessary code, simplifying complex or confusing code, eliminating bugs or errors, and applying best practices and standards. Code refactoring also helps you enhance the performance, efficiency, and security of your game code. You can use tools such as code analyzers, debuggers, and testing frameworks to help you refactor your code effectively and safely.

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Arseniy Shestakov

Co-Founder & CTO at Hack The Publisher
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Unfortunately often it's not feasible to maintain actual unit tests for majority of game code base so refactoring is always tricky as it's might cause unexpected bugs and crashes. Your best bet to keep your code maintainable is to document areas that need attention the most and keep extensive comments on problems you have with current implementation. Once you will start to iterate on specific system or feature once again you will be able to improve other code along the way.

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6 Code organization patterns

Code organization patterns are common solutions or strategies that you can use to structure and organize your game code in a logical and coherent way. Code organization patterns can vary depending on the programming language, game engine, game genre, or game design that you use, but some examples are object-oriented programming, functional programming, event-driven programming, model-view-controller, entity-component-system, and state machine. Code organization patterns help you organize game code by defining the roles, responsibilities, and relationships of your code elements, and by facilitating the modularity, scalability, and maintainability of your game code.

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Janus Kjempff

Senior Software Developer (Tech-Lead)
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I like to use some pattern that includes models and controllers (mvc, mvvc). Within that pattern, I want a clean path of responsibility and preferably no autonomy in components. I don't want cross messaging (or cross referencing) between Components because that atomizes responsibilities, and I want controllers to control (this principle WILL trigger religious discussions, where some will claim controllers makes a code base harder to change, and they be right to some degree, however spaghetti is worse in my opinion). In any case, Components should have one job, do what they are told and report back through event listeners and service methods. Controllers should be the glue that makes up the game logic and organized in a hierarchic structure.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you organize game code for large projects?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Modular design

2 Naming conventions

3 Code comments

4 Code formatting

5 Code refactoring

6 Code organization patterns

7 Here’s what else to consider

Game Design

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How can you organize game code for large projects?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Modular design

2 Naming conventions

3 Code comments

4 Code formatting

5 Code refactoring

6 Code organization patterns

7 Here’s what else to consider

Game Design

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