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How can you optimize hydrocarbon exploration and production in sedimentary basins?

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Hydrocarbon exploration and production (E&P) is the process of finding and extracting oil and gas from sedimentary basins, which are large depressions filled with layers of sediments and organic matter. Sedimentary basins are the main source of hydrocarbon resources, but they also pose many challenges and uncertainties for E&P activities. To optimize hydrocarbon E&P in sedimentary basins, you need to understand the stratigraphic evolution of the basins, apply the appropriate methods and tools for basin analysis, and integrate the results with other geological and geophysical data.

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Iain Brown

Consultant

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Bruno NANWO NGONGANG

Development Geologist
Gillian B.

Geologist & Researcher for Sustainable Exploration and Extraction of Geo-resources| MSc Environmental Engineering|…

1 Stratigraphic evolution of sedimentary basins

The stratigraphic evolution of a sedimentary basin refers to the history of how the basin formed, filled, and deformed over time. The stratigraphic evolution is influenced by various factors, such as tectonics, climate, sea level, sediment supply, and biogenic activity. The stratigraphic evolution determines the distribution, thickness, geometry, and quality of the sedimentary layers, which are the potential reservoirs, seals, and source rocks for hydrocarbons. By reconstructing the stratigraphic evolution of a basin, you can identify the key events and processes that controlled the generation, migration, accumulation, and preservation of hydrocarbons.

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Iain Brown

Consultant
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Optimizing hydrocarbon E&P in sedimentary basins is a complex, time-consuming and multidisciplinary task. By using airborne geophysical methods early in an exploration campaign , especially Full Tensor Gravity Gradiometry in conjunction with Magnetics, can provide a high quality data set that can accelerate identification of prospective areas for further analysis and can maximize further exploration spend on more costly seismic and wells. Daily processing of acquired data can provide preliminary maps to enable the survey to be optimized during the acquisition phase to ensure the correct density of data in the most prospective areas.

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2 Methods and tools for basin analysis

Basin analysis is the systematic study of the origin, evolution, and characteristics of a sedimentary basin. Basin analysis involves collecting and interpreting various types of data, such as seismic, well, core, outcrop, geochemical, and paleontological data. Basin analysis also requires the use of various methods and tools, such as stratigraphic correlation, sequence stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, geochronology, basin modeling, and petroleum system analysis. Basin analysis aims to provide a comprehensive and integrated understanding of the basin architecture, depositional environments, sedimentary facies, diagenesis, thermal history, and hydrocarbon potential.

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Bruno NANWO NGONGANG

Development Geologist
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In the optimization of hydrocarbon exploration, seismic geomorphology analysis by spectral decomposition is one of the best approaches to have a good vision and understanding of a sedimentary basin: - architecture, such as fault systems, structural and stratigraphic traps, chimney, serves as a hydrocarbon migration pathway and seal. - sedimentary environments, such as fluvial, delta and marine environments with their different facies types (channels, points, delta fans, Canyons, etc.) serve as potential reservoirs or hydrocarbon chambers. A shallow machine learning approach, with domain expertise, could also lead to discrimination of sedimentary facies and fluid content, same as rock physics analysis, and attributes basis inversion.

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3 Integration with other geological and geophysical data

The results of basin analysis are not sufficient to optimize hydrocarbon E&P in sedimentary basins. You also need to integrate them with other geological and geophysical data, such as structural geology, geomechanics, geostatistics, petrophysics, reservoir engineering, and geophysical imaging. These data can help you to refine the basin analysis, reduce the uncertainties, and improve the accuracy and reliability of the E&P decisions. For example, structural geology can help you to identify the faults and fractures that affect the fluid flow and trap formation. Geomechanics can help you to assess the stress state and rock properties that affect the drilling and production performance. Geostatistics can help you to quantify the spatial variability and heterogeneity of the reservoir parameters. Petrophysics can help you to evaluate the porosity, permeability, saturation, and fluid properties of the reservoir. Reservoir engineering can help you to estimate the recoverable reserves and optimize the production strategy. Geophysical imaging can help you to map the subsurface structures and anomalies that indicate the presence of hydrocarbons.

Optimizing hydrocarbon E&P in sedimentary basins is a complex and multidisciplinary task that requires a thorough knowledge of the stratigraphic evolution of the basins, the application of the appropriate methods and tools for basin analysis, and the integration of the results with other geological and geophysical data. By following these steps, you can increase the chances of finding and producing hydrocarbons in a cost-effective and sustainable way.

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4 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Gillian B.

Geologist & Researcher for Sustainable Exploration and Extraction of Geo-resources| MSc Environmental Engineering| beVisioneers: The Mercedes-Benz Fellowship| Public Speaking
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Other processes to consider. Source Rock Analysis: Understanding the type and quality of source rocks in the basin is essential. Source rock analysis involves evaluating organic content, thermal maturity, and hydrocarbon generation potential. Paleogeography and Depositional Environments: Understanding the geological history of the basin and the depositional environments helps identify potential reservoir rock types and locate sedimentary traps.

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How can you optimize hydrocarbon exploration and production in sedimentary basins?

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1 Stratigraphic evolution of sedimentary basins

2 Methods and tools for basin analysis

3 Integration with other geological and geophysical data

4 Here’s what else to consider

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