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How can you monitor the health of a web server?

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Monitoring the health of a web server is essential for ensuring the availability, performance, and security of your web applications. A web server is a software that handles HTTP requests from clients and sends back HTTP responses with the requested content. A healthy web server should be able to handle the expected load, respond quickly, and prevent malicious attacks. In this article, you will learn how to monitor the health of a web server using different methods and tools.

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1 Basic Metrics

The most basic metrics to monitor the health of a web server are CPU, memory, disk, and network usage. These metrics indicate how much resources the web server is consuming and how well it is performing. You can use tools like top, htop, ps, and iostat to monitor these metrics on the command line, or use graphical tools like Glances, Gnome System Monitor, or Windows Task Manager. You can also use web-based tools like Datadog, New Relic, or Prometheus to collect and visualize these metrics across multiple servers.

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Javier Ojeda

Software Engineer
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There are some tools or servers that helps installing some agents into your operating system and checks the health of your server. This is always installed in many of the common servers running services. It depends on what environment and business it runs, but it helps to verify the health of servers

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2 Web Server Logs

Another way to monitor the health of a web server is to analyze the web server logs. These are files that record the details of each HTTP request and response, such as the date, time, method, URL, status code, bytes transferred, user agent, and referrer. Web server logs can help you identify errors, slow requests, traffic patterns, and potential security issues. You can use tools like tail, grep, and awk to view and filter the logs on the command line, or use tools like Logstash, Fluentd, or Splunk to aggregate and analyze the logs from multiple sources.

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Emad Shehada

Human | CTO | Entrepreneur | Head of Information Technology | Digital Transformation Leader | Consultant
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Track uptime and downtime. Monitor resource usage and network performance. Analyze web server logs. Check SSL certificates. Monitor database performance. Set up alerts for errors and outages. Regularly update software. Encourage user feedback.

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3 Application Performance Monitoring

Application performance monitoring (APM) is a method to monitor the health of a web server from the perspective of the end users. APM tools measure and report the response time, throughput, error rate, and availability of the web applications hosted by the web server. APM tools can also provide insights into the code execution, database queries, external calls, and user sessions of the web applications. Some examples of APM tools are AppDynamics, Dynatrace, and Elastic APM.

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Seth Derrick

Technical Leadership
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APM agents actively collect data on response times, error rates, transaction paths, and how the application processes requests. APM then provides real-time visualization dashboards that present this data in an easily digestible format. By examining these dashboards, one can pinpoint bottlenecks, slow database queries, or even third-party services affecting performance. Moreover, APM solutions often come with alerting mechanisms that notify system administrators of anomalies or performance degradations. Thus, by integrating APM, one doesn't just get a snapshot of server health, but a dynamic view of its performance from the end user's perspective, allowing for proactive issue resolution.

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4 Synthetic Monitoring

Synthetic monitoring is a method to monitor the health of a web server by simulating user interactions with the web applications. Synthetic monitoring tools use scripts or bots to generate HTTP requests and measure the response time, availability, and functionality of the web applications. Synthetic monitoring can help you detect issues before they affect real users, test the performance of different locations, browsers, and devices, and benchmark the web applications against competitors. Some examples of synthetic monitoring tools are Pingdom, Uptrends, and LoadImpact.

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Seth Derrick

Technical Leadership
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Unlike traditional monitoring that depends on actual user traffic, synthetic monitoring utilizes scripts or bots. These bots generate HTTP requests, capturing metrics such as response times, availability, and the overall functionality of the web applications. This methodology serves a dual purpose: it helps identify performance bottlenecks before they affect genuine users and allows for testing across various geographic locations, browsers, and devices. By leveraging synthetic monitoring, businesses can not only maintain a competitive edge by benchmarking against rivals but also ensure a seamless user experience.

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5 Real User Monitoring

Real user monitoring (RUM) is a method to monitor the health of a web server by collecting data from the actual users of the web applications. RUM tools use JavaScript code or browser plugins to capture and report the user behavior, experience, and feedback of the web applications. RUM can help you understand how users perceive the performance, usability, and satisfaction of the web applications, identify issues that affect specific segments of users, and optimize the web applications for different scenarios. Some examples of RUM tools are Google Analytics, Hotjar, and UserZoom.

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6 Security Monitoring

Security monitoring is a method to monitor the health of a web server by detecting and preventing malicious attacks. Security monitoring tools scan the web server and the web applications for vulnerabilities, monitor the network traffic for suspicious activities, and block or alert the administrator of any threats. Security monitoring can help you protect the web server and the web applications from hackers, malware, denial-of-service attacks, and data breaches. Some examples of security monitoring tools are Nmap, Snort, and ModSecurity.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you monitor the health of a web server?

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3

4

5

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7

1 Basic Metrics

2 Web Server Logs

3 Application Performance Monitoring

4 Synthetic Monitoring

5 Real User Monitoring

6 Security Monitoring

7 Here’s what else to consider

Computer Engineering

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How can you monitor the health of a web server?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Basic Metrics

2 Web Server Logs

3 Application Performance Monitoring

4 Synthetic Monitoring

5 Real User Monitoring

6 Security Monitoring

7 Here’s what else to consider

Computer Engineering

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