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How can you mitigate expansive soil effects on foundations?

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Expansive soils are soils that swell or shrink significantly when their moisture content changes. They can cause serious problems for foundations, such as cracking, heaving, or settlement. If you are a construction manager, you need to know how to mitigate expansive soil effects on foundations to avoid costly repairs and structural failures. Here are some strategies you can use.

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1 Identify the soil type

The first step is to identify the type and extent of expansive soils on your site. You can do this by conducting a geotechnical investigation, which involves collecting and testing soil samples, mapping the soil profile, and estimating the soil properties. A geotechnical engineer can help you determine the potential for soil expansion and contraction, as well as the soil bearing capacity and stability.

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Ir.H. Adi Sumanto

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In?designing the foundation?of a?civil engineering?building structure, such as a?high-rise building, the?most important thing that must be known and analyzed is the condition of the soil. There are several types of soil problems that can be found in the field, one of which is expansive soil. There are several design methods if the foundation is on expansive soil, including stabilizing the soil or designing the foundation by taking into account the amount of expansive force or heave force which can cause damage to the floor or inhomogeneous settlement. In this analysis, the bearing capacity of the shallow foundation will be calculated. Soil investigion should take into account during pre design engineering.

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2 Choose the right foundation type

The second step is to choose the right foundation type for your project. Depending on the soil conditions and the design requirements, you may opt for shallow or deep foundations, or a combination of both. Shallow foundations, such as slabs or footings, are more susceptible to expansive soil effects, but they can be reinforced or isolated from the soil with void forms or moisture barriers. Deep foundations, such as piles or piers, are more resistant to expansive soil effects, but they can be more expensive and complex to install.

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Ir.H. Adi Sumanto

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Foundations are quite an important part of construction, because they act as an intermediary between the building above and the ground. The function of the foundation is to transmit the load it receives into the ground. This land?will expand(swelling) when the water content increases and decreases (shrinking ) when the water content?decreases. Footing foundations which are on top of expansive soil layers which are in a state of expansion cause the surrounding soil to experience upward pressure.

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3 Control the soil moisture

The third step is to control the soil moisture around and under your foundation. You can do this by installing proper drainage systems, such as gutters, downspouts, French drains, or sump pumps, to divert water away from the foundation. You can also use landscaping techniques, such as grading, mulching, or planting, to reduce evaporation and erosion of the soil. Additionally, you can avoid watering or irrigating the soil near the foundation, or use drip irrigation systems to minimize water infiltration.

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Ir.H. Adi Sumanto

Self Employee
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Some types of soil require special handling to be used as a construction base, one of which is expansive clay which has high swelling and shrinkage properties. So, to deal with expansive soil problems, several methods are used, one of which is soil stabilization.

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4 Monitor and maintain the foundation

The fourth step is to monitor and maintain the foundation throughout its service life. You can do this by inspecting the foundation regularly for signs of distress, such as cracks, gaps, or movements. You can also measure the soil moisture and settlement with sensors or instruments, such as piezometers, inclinometers, or extensometers. If you notice any problems, you can repair or retrofit the foundation with techniques such as underpinning, grouting, or soil stabilization.

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5 Follow the best practices

The fifth step is to follow the best practices and standards for designing and constructing foundations on expansive soils. You can consult the relevant codes, guidelines, and manuals, such as the International Building Code, the American Society of Civil Engineers, or the Federal Highway Administration. You can also seek advice from experienced professionals, such as geotechnical engineers, structural engineers, or contractors, who have knowledge and expertise on dealing with expansive soils.

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6 Educate yourself and others

The sixth step is to educate yourself and others about the risks and challenges of expansive soils. You can do this by attending workshops, seminars, or webinars on geotechnical engineering and foundations. You can also read books, articles, or blogs on expansive soils and their effects on foundations. Moreover, you can communicate and collaborate with other construction managers, engineers, or stakeholders, who may have similar or different experiences with expansive soils.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you mitigate expansive soil effects on foundations?

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1 Identify the soil type

2 Choose the right foundation type

3 Control the soil moisture

4 Monitor and maintain the foundation

5 Follow the best practices

6 Educate yourself and others

7 Here’s what else to consider

Construction Management

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