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How can you make space systems more efficient?

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Space systems are complex, costly, and challenging to design, operate, and maintain. They require a high level of systems engineering to ensure their functionality, reliability, and safety. However, systems engineering can also help make space systems more efficient, by optimizing their performance, reducing their waste, and enhancing their user experience. In this article, you will learn some of the ways that systems engineering can help you achieve these goals.

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1 Define the system boundaries

One of the first steps in systems engineering is to define the system boundaries, which means identifying the scope, context, and interfaces of the system. This helps you to understand the system's purpose, functions, requirements, and stakeholders. By defining the system boundaries, you can also identify the opportunities and constraints for improving the system's efficiency. For example, you can determine the trade-offs between mass, power, and cost, or the compatibility and interoperability of different components and subsystems.

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Marcel Rohrmann

Systems Engineer | INCOSE ASEP
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Definitely you should define your system boundaries. But this is a step you have to perform for every system you develop. For Space Systems you have to consider special operation environment. For example, space radiation, rapidly changing temperature, vacuum and space debris.

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2 Apply systems thinking

Systems thinking is a way of looking at the system as a whole, rather than as a collection of parts. It helps you to see the interrelationships, interactions, and feedback loops that affect the system's behavior and outcomes. By applying systems thinking, you can avoid suboptimization, which is when a local improvement causes a global deterioration. For example, you can avoid adding unnecessary complexity, redundancy, or functionality that may increase the system's weight, energy consumption, or maintenance needs.

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Justin F.

National Security Space
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For space, the interconnected ground systems needed to harness the space-based capability can be even more important to get right from the start through systems thinking.

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David Vargas

Spacecraft Systems Engineer @ Boeing | Founder @ Astranavem | NextGen Collective 30u30 Honoree | Aerospace Career Consultant | Part-time Inventor | Full-time Innovator | Empowering the next Space Generation ??
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These are 5 steps for systems thinking I generally follow: 1. Identify (define) the problem. 2. Understand system elements and their interactions. 3. Recognize feedback loops. 4. Analyze unintended consequences. 5. Develop holistic solutions.

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3 Use model-based systems engineering

Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) is a technique that uses graphical models to represent, analyze, and communicate the system's structure, behavior, and properties. MBSE can help you to make space systems more efficient by enabling you to simulate, test, and optimize the system's performance and functionality before building or launching it. For example, you can use MBSE to evaluate the system's thermal, electrical, or mechanical characteristics, or to assess the system's resilience, robustness, or adaptability.

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David Vargas

Spacecraft Systems Engineer @ Boeing | Founder @ Astranavem | NextGen Collective 30u30 Honoree | Aerospace Career Consultant | Part-time Inventor | Full-time Innovator | Empowering the next Space Generation ??
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MBSE is the future of the Systems Engineering discipline and as engineers it's important for us all to stay ahead of the knowledge curve. Here are some books that have helped me understand MBSE and feel more comfortable with it's application: "Model-Based Systems Engineering" by Olivier de Weck, Daniel Roos, and Christopher L. Magee. Widely recognized as a comprehensive and authoritative text on MBSE, covering concepts, methods, and applications. "A Practical Guide to SysML: The Systems Modeling Language" by Sanford Friedenthal, Alan Moore, and Rick Steiner. SysML is a fundamental language in MBSE, and this guide provides practical insights into its use.

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4 Incorporate human factors and ergonomics

Human factors and ergonomics (HFE) are the disciplines that study how humans interact with systems, products, and environments. HFE can help you to make space systems more efficient by designing them to fit the needs, capabilities, and limitations of the human users and operators. For example, you can use HFE to improve the system's usability, accessibility, and comfort, or to reduce the system's workload, error, and risk.

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Marcel Rohrmann

Systems Engineer | INCOSE ASEP
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Most space mission are not using astronauts anymore. They are highly automated or only need little operator input. This reduced the human factor and risk of mitigation the mission. Most of the time operational procedures are developed very detailed that the mission can be operated without error.

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5 Implement lean principles

Lean principles are the practices that aim to eliminate waste and increase value in any process or system. Lean principles can help you to make space systems more efficient by focusing on what matters most to the customer or stakeholder, and by eliminating or minimizing anything that does not add value or satisfaction. For example, you can use lean principles to streamline the system's development, production, or operation processes, or to enhance the system's quality, reliability, or flexibility.

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David Vargas

Spacecraft Systems Engineer @ Boeing | Founder @ Astranavem | NextGen Collective 30u30 Honoree | Aerospace Career Consultant | Part-time Inventor | Full-time Innovator | Empowering the next Space Generation ??
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The most important Lean principles, often referred to as the "Five Lean Principles," are: 1. Value - Determine what the customer values. 2. Value Stream - Map and improve the process. 3. Flow - Ensure smooth workflow. 4. Pull - Start work on demand. 5. Perfection - Continuously improve. These principles form the foundation of Lean thinking and guide organizations in their quest for efficiency, quality, and customer satisfaction.

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6 Adopt agile methods

Agile methods are the approaches that emphasize collaboration, iteration, and adaptation in any project or system. Agile methods can help you to make space systems more efficient by enabling you to respond quickly and effectively to changing needs, expectations, or conditions. For example, you can use agile methods to deliver the system's functionality in small, incremental, and valuable increments, or to solicit and incorporate feedback from the customer or stakeholder throughout the system's life cycle.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you make space systems more efficient?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Define the system boundaries

2 Apply systems thinking

3 Use model-based systems engineering

4 Incorporate human factors and ergonomics

5 Implement lean principles

6 Adopt agile methods

7 Here’s what else to consider

Systems Engineering

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How can you make space systems more efficient?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Define the system boundaries

2 Apply systems thinking

3 Use model-based systems engineering

4 Incorporate human factors and ergonomics

5 Implement lean principles

6 Adopt agile methods

7 Here’s what else to consider

Systems Engineering

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