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How can you identify security vulnerabilities before they are exploited?

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Security vulnerabilities are weaknesses or flaws in your systems, applications, or processes that can be exploited by malicious actors. Identifying them before they are exploited is crucial to prevent data breaches, service disruptions, or reputational damage. In this article, you will learn some of the best practices and tools to help you find and fix security vulnerabilities in your cybersecurity environment.

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Landon Crabtree

1 Scan your assets

One of the first steps to identify security vulnerabilities is to scan your assets regularly and comprehensively. Assets include your network devices, servers, workstations, applications, databases, and cloud services. Scanning tools can help you discover and inventory your assets, as well as detect any known vulnerabilities, misconfigurations, or outdated software. You should scan your assets both internally and externally, as well as before and after any changes or updates.

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Landon Crabtree
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Before you begin scanning your assets, it is important to know all of your assets. As organizations grow and evolve, it is not uncommon to forget about old/unused subdomains, cloud applications, etc. Thus, it is critical to ensure your assets inventory is up-to-date and truly reflects all of your organization's assets: on-prem, cloud, etc. With an updated inventory, you should regularly perform vulnerability scans (Nessus, OpenVAS, etc) and patch management to ensure assets are up-to-date and not vulnerable. Additionally, regular penetration tests can benefit organizations by testing beyond vulnerable/outdated versions, such as web application testing.

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Manjula Sreenivasamurthy

#FutureShaper: Honeywell Global Security| Product Security| NIST Cyber security framework| Risk Management| ISC2 Software Security Practitioner (SSP)|CISM| IoT Security Foundation Bangalore Chapter
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-conduct regular vulnerability scans and penetration tests. -Security audits and assessments can identify vulnerabilities. -Secure code reviews -Third part vendor assessment

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Waleed Ahmed - Lead Auditor

GRC Expert | Certified ISO 27001 Lead Auditor | Certified ISO 27001 Lead Implementer | ISMS Consultant | ISO 27701 | ISO 19011 | ISO 22301 | ISO 27031
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Identify security vulnerabilities proactively by conducting regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing. Utilize automated tools to scan networks, applications, and systems for known weaknesses. Implement continuous monitoring to detect anomalies and potential threats. Encourage a security-aware culture among employees to report issues promptly. Stay informed about emerging threats and apply security patches promptly. Conduct security audits and collaborate with external experts for independent assessments. Regularly review and update security policies to align with evolving threats and industry best practice

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2 Analyze your risks

Once you have scanned your assets, you need to analyze the risks associated with each vulnerability. Not all vulnerabilities are equally critical or relevant to your business context. You need to prioritize the ones that pose the most threat to your confidentiality, integrity, or availability. Risk analysis tools can help you assess the severity, impact, and likelihood of each vulnerability, as well as the cost and benefit of remediation. You should also consider the compliance and regulatory requirements that apply to your industry and data.

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Landon Crabtree
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There are many different frameworks to analyze risk such as CVSS v3, OWASP Risk Matrix, NIST CRS, etc. Organizations should adopt a framework they find best fitting for their needs. Utilizing a framework ensures vulnerabilities are categorized by a measurable metric, prioritizing remediation and resources to high severity vulnerabilities.

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Gururaj Gururaj

Software Architect at Iron Mountain Developing BI & Data Analytics Solutions using Multiple Cloud Technologies.
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I echo your inputs Manjula and also we need to perform both Internal & External scans of our apps, and most important is to check/action on our Internal Exceptions which can be significant and its gateway to most of the vulnerabilities. Let me know if there more other areas to address.

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3 Patch your systems

After you have analyzed your risks, you need to patch your systems as soon as possible. Patching is the process of applying updates or fixes to your software or hardware to address security vulnerabilities. Patching tools can help you automate and streamline the patch management process, as well as monitor and verify the patch status and effectiveness. You should patch your systems according to your risk priorities, as well as test and validate the patches before deploying them to production.

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4 Test your defenses

Another step to identify security vulnerabilities is to test your defenses regularly and realistically. Testing tools can help you simulate real-world attacks and scenarios, as well as measure your response and recovery capabilities. You should test your defenses from different perspectives, such as penetration testing, red teaming, or blue teaming. You should also test your defenses against different types of threats, such as phishing, ransomware, or denial-of-service.

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Landon Crabtree
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Testing defenses is critical, as it is your first line against threat actors. There are a multitude of ways to test defenses, including pentesting, red team operations, and adversary emulation. Pentesting: This will test your external or internal environment to identify vulnerabilities. Red Team: Similar to a pentest, but focuses on detection and response. Alerts should be generated during an operation to ensure that your security tools (SIEM, EDR, etc) can detect potentially malicious actions. Adversary Emulation: Emulates known tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) from known threat actors to ensure detection systems can identify malicious actions.

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5 Review your logs

One more step to identify security vulnerabilities is to review your logs frequently and thoroughly. Logs are records of events or activities that occur in your systems, applications, or networks. Logs can help you detect and investigate any anomalies, incidents, or breaches that may indicate security vulnerabilities. You should review your logs using tools that can collect, aggregate, analyze, and alert you on relevant log data. You should also review your logs using best practices, such as log retention, encryption, and backup.

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6 Educate your users

The last step to identify security vulnerabilities is to educate your users regularly and effectively. Users are often the weakest link or the first line of defense in your cybersecurity environment. Users can help you identify security vulnerabilities by reporting any suspicious or unusual behavior, as well as following security policies and procedures. You should educate your users using tools that can deliver, assess, and reinforce security awareness and training. You should also educate your users using methods that can engage, motivate, and empower them.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you identify security vulnerabilities before they are exploited?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Scan your assets

2 Analyze your risks

3 Patch your systems

4 Test your defenses

5 Review your logs

6 Educate your users

7 Here’s what else to consider

Cybersecurity

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How can you identify security vulnerabilities before they are exploited?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Scan your assets

2 Analyze your risks

3 Patch your systems

4 Test your defenses

5 Review your logs

6 Educate your users

7 Here’s what else to consider

Cybersecurity

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