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How can you identify the most common accessibility issues for different user scenarios?

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Accessibility is the practice of designing and developing products and services that are usable by people with diverse abilities, needs, and preferences. Accessibility is not only a legal requirement, but also a way to create inclusive and positive user experiences for everyone. However, accessibility can be challenging to implement and test, especially when dealing with different user scenarios. How can you identify the most common accessibility issues for different user scenarios? Here are some tips and tools to help you.

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Zülküf Demirhan

Frontend Developer & Product(UX) Designer at Modaltrans
Avpl Narasimhan

UX/UI | Product Design | Brand Identity
Laura Wissiak

Assistive tech researcher | CRO @Hope Tech Plus | trashcan blogger @AccessibilityFirst.at | ?GS A1 | JLPT N2 | ????…

1 User scenarios for accessibility

User scenarios are stories that describe how a user interacts with a product or service to achieve a specific goal. User scenarios can help you understand the context, motivations, and pain points of your users, as well as their accessibility needs and preferences. For example, a user scenario for accessibility could be: "Sara is a blind student who uses a screen reader to access online courses. She wants to learn how to code in Python, but she struggles with the layout and functionality of the coding platform." User scenarios can help you identify the accessibility issues that affect different types of users, such as those with visual, auditory, cognitive, or motor impairments.

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Nathaniel/Natanahira Flick

Senior Product Designer - Product Owner. Design Thinking Facilitator with a passion for Accessibility. A designer who codes.
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Some ways to get started are to test for colour contrast and correct label/field connections. Use a browser tester like SiteImprove or Axe by Deque. Always use semantic HTML not just divs, and don't create your own controls. You will miss out on all the accessibility you get for free using native controls. Remember to also do automated testing, the Selenium/Axe package gets you about 50% of the way there, the rest is tabbing, screenreaders, and other human run user tests.

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2 Accessibility testing methods

Accessibility testing is the process of evaluating how accessible your product or service is for different user scenarios. It can help you find and fix accessibility issues, as well as improve the usability and quality of your product or service. Manual testing involves checking your product or service against accessibility standards and guidelines, such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), using various devices and browsers. You can also use manual testing tools, such as keyboard navigation, color contrast analyzers, and accessibility checkers. Automated testing involves using software tools, such as browser extensions, code validators, and accessibility scanners, to detect accessibility issues automatically. However, automated testing cannot replace manual testing, as it may miss some issues or generate false positives. User testing involves involving real users with different abilities, needs, and preferences in the testing process. You can use user testing methods, such as surveys, interviews, observations, and usability tests to gather feedback from your users. User testing can help you understand how your users perceive and experience your product or service and identify any accessibility issues that affect their satisfaction and performance.

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Laura Wissiak

Assistive tech researcher | CRO @Hope Tech Plus | trashcan blogger @AccessibilityFirst.at | ?GS A1 | JLPT N2 | ???? ???? ????
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It's easy to get overwhelmed by the amount of a11y testing tools in existence. My advice would be to pick one and play around with it. You don't need to follow a checklist when you are just starting. Once you feel comfortable with one, try out the next! If you are designing screens, start by putting them through the Coblis color blindness simulator, or install the Stark Figma extension. If you are coding, check for proper use of semantic HTML and make sure the components you use are not just styled divs. If you want to evaluate a live webpage, start with the browser default tools such as zoom and darkmode. You can also install WAVE in your browser: It will explain each a11y bug and point you to the corresponding WCAG.

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Nashmil M.

Digital Product Designer and Accessibility advocate with a background in software development @Softhouse Consulting
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Incorporating accessibility testing into your design process is not just a compliance measure, but a commitment to inclusivity. It's about recognizing the diverse ways people interact with technology and ensuring no one is left behind. By empathizing with users from various backgrounds and abilities, you gain invaluable insights that go beyond technical specifications. This approach fosters a deeper connection with your audience, building products that are not only functional but also resonate on a human level. Remember, at the heart of accessibility testing is the desire to create a digital world that is welcoming and accessible to all, reflecting the rich tapestry of human experiences.

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3 Accessibility testing tools

Accessibility testing tools are software applications or extensions that can help you identify and fix accessibility issues for different user scenarios. These tools can be divided into two categories: general tools, which can be used for any type of product or service, such as websites, apps, documents, or videos; and specific tools, designed for a specific type of product or service, such as e-learning platforms, games, or podcasts. Examples of general tools include WAVE (Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool), axe (Accessibility Testing Engine), Lighthouse (Web Performance and Accessibility Auditing Tool), NVDA (NonVisual Desktop Access), VoiceOver (Screen Reader for Mac and iOS), and TalkBack (Screen Reader for Android). Specific tools include WebAIM (Web Accessibility In Mind), AChecker (Accessibility Checker for HTML Content), Ally (Accessibility Checker for Learning Management Systems), Game Accessibility Guidelines (Accessibility Guidelines for Games), and Podscribe (Accessibility Transcription Service for Podcasts).

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Sasa Mirkov
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Google Lighthouse is an awesome tool that will benefit UX designers. You can check the quality of a site or app and get great metrics of its behavior. There are many of them but I will always go for it and have not regretted it so far.

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4 Accessibility testing best practices

Accessibility testing is not a one-time activity, but rather a continuous and iterative process that should be integrated into your design and development workflow. Accessibility testing should be done early and often, as well as before and after launching your product or service. To ensure the best results, it is important to define user scenarios and personas that represent your target users, including their accessibility needs and preferences. Additionally, a combination of manual, automated, and user testing methods should be used with different tools, devices, browsers, and assistive technologies. After testing, it is essential to document and communicate your findings in a consistent format using the WCAG criteria and levels. This will help track progress while sharing with team members and stakeholders.

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Zülküf Demirhan

Frontend Developer & Product(UX) Designer at Modaltrans
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I suggest incorporating regular training sessions for team members on accessibility guidelines and tools. This ensures that the entire team, not just dedicated testers, is aware of accessibility considerations. Also, consider involving people with disabilities in the design, development and testing process to gain real-world insights. In addition, while the article focuses on testing after design and development, consider embracing a more inclusive design approach from the outset. Involve users with diverse abilities in the ideation and prototyping phases to gather valuable insights early on. This proactive approach can potentially reduce the need for extensive retroactive testing and iterations. Care this accessibility tips for everyone.

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5 Accessibility testing resources

Accessibility testing can be a complex and daunting task, but there are many resources available to help you learn and improve your skills. For instance, WebAIM provides information, training, and resources on web accessibility, while W3C develops standards and guidelines for web accessibility. The A11y Project is a community-driven initiative to make web accessibility easier for everyone, while UXPA supports and promotes the practice and education of user experience, including accessibility. All of these resources offer articles, checklists, patterns, tools, events, publications, courses, and networks to help with web accessibility and user experience.

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Avpl Narasimhan

UX/UI | Product Design | Brand Identity
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There are free and paid resources online to test accessibility of your website/app. Some of them are accessibilitychecker, boia, w3.org, monsido and more! If you want a simple test, give it to an elderly person in your household and ask them to use it, give them specific journeys and observe how they do it. This is basically a simple litmus test to know if people from different age groups can use it without any hassle!

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Laura Germishuys (she, her)

Disability Consultant, Speaker, Author, Podcast Host, AI Practitioner
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Stop guessing. Hire an accessibility consultant to conduct an audit and create accessibility guidelines. You can also find technical experts if necessary.

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How can you identify the most common accessibility issues for different user scenarios?

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2

3

4

5

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1 User scenarios for accessibility

2 Accessibility testing methods

3 Accessibility testing tools

4 Accessibility testing best practices

5 Accessibility testing resources

6 Here’s what else to consider

User Experience

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How can you identify the most common accessibility issues for different user scenarios?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 User scenarios for accessibility

2 Accessibility testing methods

3 Accessibility testing tools

4 Accessibility testing best practices

5 Accessibility testing resources

6 Here’s what else to consider

User Experience

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