Science can be a challenging subject for many students, especially if they have gaps in their prior knowledge, lack interest or motivation, or face learning difficulties. However, as a teacher, you can help your students overcome these obstacles and develop their scientific skills and understanding. Here are some strategies that you can use to help students struggling with science.
The first step to help students struggling with science is to identify the root causes of their difficulties. You can do this by assessing their prior knowledge, learning preferences, and attitudes towards science. You can also observe their performance and behavior in class, and talk to them or their parents about their strengths and weaknesses. By doing this, you can tailor your instruction and feedback to their specific needs and goals.
Struggling in science can carry many reasons and therefore, a proper diagnostic test that can identify the students with the possible causes of struggle ahead is the best way. From experience, English as a second language for some students can be the reason for student's struggle in science, or misconceptions from previous years in some topics, imagination can act against the full understanding of the concept. In case of English language based problems (subject collaboration is a good approach, vocabulary introduction and dictation tests) In case of misconceptions ask the students to observe, explore, and ask as many how's and whys to let them come their misconceptions. In case of imagination, hands on, AI technology can aid.
One of the problems with standardized curriculum is that it provides answers to questions the students haven’t asked. A good way to get around this is to have students use Generative AI to help generate their own questions and answers to start. Questions might be as simple as “What is biology all about?” or “I plan on becoming a lawyer/musician/wife/etc., why do I need to learn this?” Students need to ask and answer their own questions before being asked to answer someone else’s questions.
The best way to ease the struggle and improve better understanding of science among the students is make them do rather than cramming the concepts. I have learnt computers that way. I remember once I joined a class of computer and they were teaching the definition of a Computer, functioning of Abacus and Generations of computer. Then, I decided to do it my way and I took a book on Excel and started replicating the functions and formulas. I found it more interesting and engaging.
Mix things up a bit and, as always in education, approach things from a holistic perspective. Talk to them to identify pain points - is it the concepts, problem-solving, or just a general dislike for the subject? Provide one-on-one support to clear up any leftover questions and boost confidence. Break down complex concepts into bite-sized pieces, so they can more easily get the hang of it. Connect textbook concepts to everyday information they already know - make it feel real.
Different students learn in different ways, so you should use multiple modes of instruction to cater to their diverse learning styles and preferences. For example, you can use visual aids, such as diagrams, graphs, and videos, to illustrate concepts and processes. You can also use auditory aids, such as podcasts, songs, and discussions, to reinforce key points and vocabulary. Moreover, you can use kinesthetic aids, such as experiments, demonstrations, and games, to engage students in hands-on activities and inquiry.
Multimodal learning is not so much about learning styles but using the tools all of us have. We all learn better if information and ideas are presented in words, numbers, images, sounds, and movement. We all have eyes and occipital lobes - visual, auditory and kinetic learning is not about learning styles or preferences.
Though, I believe methods have dependency what actually you are learning. To learn to sing require to listen carefully and replicating it. To learn a guitar requires you to know the frets and using them. I would allow all means of instructions to children and let them choose the best fit for them.
Another strategy to help students struggling with science is to scaffold and differentiate their learning. This means providing them with appropriate support and guidance to help them master the content and skills at their own pace and level. For example, you can use graphic organizers, checklists, and rubrics to help them organize their thoughts and work. You can also use formative assessments, such as quizzes, exit tickets, and self-reflections, to monitor their progress and adjust your instruction accordingly. Furthermore, you can use flexible grouping, choice boards, and tiered assignments to offer them different options and challenges based on their readiness and interests.
One of the reasons why some students struggle with science is that they do not see its relevance and value to their lives and the world. Therefore, you should make connections and applications of science to their prior knowledge, experiences, and interests. For example, you can use real-world examples, case studies, and current events to show how science affects various aspects of society and the environment. You can also use cross-curricular links, such as math, language arts, and art, to show how science integrates with other subjects and disciplines.
There isn’t enough emphasis on the Nature of Science or STS studies. Science education currently best serves those who identify as “science people” and those who wish to engage in STEM based university pathways/careers. By integrating the “whole science” as Allchin calls it, we are able to reach more students as they can make personal applications, not just “real world” applications.
Finally, you can help students struggling with science by fostering a positive learning environment that promotes their confidence and curiosity. You can do this by creating a safe and supportive classroom culture where mistakes are seen as opportunities for learning and feedback is constructive and specific. You can also encourage a growth mindset, where students believe that they can improve their abilities and outcomes through effort and persistence. Moreover, you can motivate and reward students for their achievements and efforts, such as praising them, displaying their work, or giving them stickers or certificates.
Engagement is the first step for students to be successful. There are a myriad of cool phenomena in this world, and some of the most effective ones that engage students come from their daily lives. Simplicity is key for students who are struggling. Whether it's growing mold or freezing a balloon, I've found that examples in the classroom are often much more engaging than "cooler" phenomena that's more removed. Choice is also a huge driver for engagement. Bringing these observable events into the classroom makes it easier for students to make active choices about how to study the phenomenon at hand.