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How can you explain power quality and harmonics to non-technical stakeholders?

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Power quality and harmonics are important aspects of electrical design that affect the performance, reliability, and efficiency of electrical systems. However, they can be challenging to explain to non-technical stakeholders who may not be familiar with the concepts and implications of these phenomena. In this article, you will learn how to simplify and communicate the basics of power quality and harmonics to your clients, managers, or colleagues who are not electrical engineers or technicians.

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Ir. Ts. Maxx Wong Meng Fai

Digital | Infrastructure | Sustainability | Technology | Engineering | Data Center
Julio Fassarela

Técnico de instrumenta??o

1 What is power quality?

Power quality is a measure of how well the voltage, current, and frequency of an electrical supply match the ideal or expected values for a given application. Power quality can be affected by various factors, such as load variations, faults, switching operations, weather conditions, and equipment malfunctions. Poor power quality can cause problems such as flickering lights, overheating, noise, equipment damage, data loss, and increased energy costs.

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Julio Fassarela

Técnico de instrumenta??o
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Para explicar a qualidade da energia e os harm?nicos para partes interessadas n?o técnicas, usamos analogias simples e exemplos práticos. Imagine a eletricidade como a água que flui em um rio para alimentar uma cidade, assim como queremos que a água do rio seja limpa e constante, a qualidade da energia refere-se a garantir que a eletricidade que chega aos dispositivos e equipamentos seja limpa, estável e sem perturba??es. Quando diferentes dispositivos elétricos s?o ligados, eles podem produzir harm?nicos, que s?o varia??es de frequência na eletricidade. Essas analogias e exemplos práticos ajudam a transmitir conceitos complexos de forma mais acessível para partes interessadas n?o técnicas.

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2 What are harmonics?

Harmonics are distortions in the waveform of an electrical signal that result from the presence of multiple frequencies other than the fundamental frequency. For example, if the fundamental frequency of an AC supply is 50 Hz, harmonics would be multiples of 50 Hz, such as 100 Hz, 150 Hz, 200 Hz, and so on. Harmonics are generated by nonlinear loads, such as electronic devices, converters, rectifiers, and fluorescent lamps, that draw current in pulses or spikes rather than in a smooth sinusoidal shape.

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Julio Fassarela

Técnico de instrumenta??o
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Pense em uma banda musical onde diferentes instrumentos tocam notas diferentes. Os harm?nicos s?o como "notas musicais indesejadas". Esses "ruídos musicais" podem interferir no desempenho de outros equipamentos. Em um ambiente elétrico saudável, todos os dispositivos operam sem interferência, como uma banda tocando em harmonia. Os efeitos indesejados dos harm?nicos incluem aquecimento excessivo em equipamentos, perda de eficiência, aumento das perdas de energia, interferência eletromagnética e mau funcionamento de dispositivos sensíveis. A gest?o e o controle dos harm?nicos s?o importantes para garantir a qualidade da energia em sistemas elétricos.

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3 Why are harmonics harmful?

Harmonics can have detrimental effects on both the electrical system and the equipment connected to it. These include reduced power factor, overheating, interference, and resonance. A lower ratio of real power to apparent power means more current is required to deliver the same amount of useful power, leading to increased losses and costs of transmission and distribution. Additionally, harmonics increase the effective current in conductors and transformers, causing them to heat up and degrade faster, reducing lifespan and efficiency. Furthermore, harmonics can interfere with the operation and communication of sensitive equipment, leading to errors, malfunctions, and data corruption. Lastly, they can create resonance conditions in the electrical system which amplify voltage and current distortions and can cause severe damage to capacitors, filters, and other devices.

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4 How can you measure power quality and harmonics?

The best way to measure power quality and harmonics is to use a power quality analyzer, which is a device that can monitor and record various parameters of an electrical supply, such as voltage, current, frequency, power factor, distortion, harmonics, and transients. A power quality analyzer can help you identify the sources and levels of power quality problems and provide you with data and reports that can help you diagnose and solve them.

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5 How can you improve power quality and harmonics?

There are various methods and devices that can help you improve power quality and harmonics, depending on the type and severity of the problem. Load balancing is a common solution, which involves distributing the loads evenly among the phases of a three-phase system to reduce neutral current and voltage unbalance. Power factor correction is another option, which involves increasing the power factor by adding capacitors or other devices to compensate for reactive power. Additionally, harmonic filtering can be used to remove or reduce harmonics from the electrical supply by using passive or active filters. Lastly, surge protection is a method of protecting the electrical system and equipment from voltage spikes and transients due to lightning, switching, or other disturbances. All of these solutions can help improve waveform quality and prevent damage, breakdown, and data loss.

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6 How can you communicate power quality and harmonics to non-technical stakeholders?

Explaining power quality and harmonics to non-technical stakeholders, such as clients, managers, or colleagues, requires the use of simple and clear language. Avoid jargon and acronyms and use analogies and examples that they can relate to. Focus on the benefits and impacts of power quality and harmonics, instead of the technical details and calculations. For instance, you can explain power quality as the quality of the electricity that powers their equipment and appliances, comparing it to the quality of other products or services they use, such as water, air, or internet. Harmonics can be described as the noise or interference that affects the quality of electricity, similar to noise or interference that affects sound, radio, or TV. Poor power quality and harmonics can lead to reduced efficiency, increased costs, equipment damage, and data loss; all of which can negatively affect their business goals, operations, and reputation. Solutions for improving power quality and harmonics include load balancing, power factor correction, harmonic filtering, and surge protection; all of which can benefit their business by saving energy, reducing maintenance costs, enhancing performance, and ensuring reliability.

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Ir. Ts. Maxx Wong Meng Fai

Digital | Infrastructure | Sustainability | Technology | Engineering | Data Center
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I will explain it by using analogy of water with power. Our body needs clean water to help us maintain life and daily activities. In AC power system, the electrical load/equipment will need clean sinewave-form to operate healthily. Harmonics is like dirt in the water. Our body will react, such as fever, and fall sick. Similarly, the consequences of having high harmonic content is overheating of electrical equipment and reduced lifespan.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you explain power quality and harmonics to non-technical stakeholders?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 What is power quality?

2 What are harmonics?

3 Why are harmonics harmful?

4 How can you measure power quality and harmonics?

5 How can you improve power quality and harmonics?

6 How can you communicate power quality and harmonics to non-technical stakeholders?

7 Here’s what else to consider

Electrical Design

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How can you explain power quality and harmonics to non-technical stakeholders?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 What is power quality?

2 What are harmonics?

3 Why are harmonics harmful?

4 How can you measure power quality and harmonics?

5 How can you improve power quality and harmonics?

6 How can you communicate power quality and harmonics to non-technical stakeholders?

7 Here’s what else to consider

Electrical Design

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