How can you evaluate violence risk?

1 Understand the factors

Violence risk is influenced by a combination of individual, interpersonal, environmental, and situational factors. Some of these factors are more predictable and stable, such as a person's history of violence, mental health, substance use, or personality traits. Others are more dynamic and changeable, such as a person's mood, stress level, triggers, or coping skills. Additionally, some factors are related to the context and setting, such as the level of security, staff training, policies, or protocols. To evaluate violence risk, you need to consider all these factors and how they interact with each other.

2 Observe the signs

Violence risk is often indicated by observable signs of distress, agitation, or escalation - these can be verbal, non-verbal, or behavioral and may vary depending on the person and situation. Examples of such signs include raising one's voice, swearing, or making threats; clenching fists, pacing, or invading personal space; displaying signs of anxiety, fear, or anger; refusing to cooperate, comply, or follow instructions; expressing feelings of hopelessness, desperation, or revenge; having access to weapons; and exhibiting symptoms of mental illness, substance use, or medical conditions that impair judgment or impulse control. By taking note of these signs, you can assess the level of violence risk and respond accordingly.

3 Use a tool or a framework

To help you evaluate violence risk more systematically and objectively, you can use a tool or a framework that guides you through the assessment process. There are various tools and frameworks available for different settings and purposes, such as the Br?set Violence Checklist, the Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression, or the Brookes Violence and Aggression Assessment Tool. These tools and frameworks typically involve rating or scoring certain factors or signs of violence risk, and then using the results to determine the level of risk and the appropriate action. However, these tools and frameworks are not substitutes for clinical judgment or professional experience, and they should be used in conjunction with other sources of information and consultation.

5 Review and learn

After a violent or potentially violent situation is resolved or prevented, you should review and learn from your evaluation of violence risk. You should reflect on what went well and what could be improved, and identify any gaps or challenges in your assessment or response. You should also seek feedback from others who were involved or witnessed the situation, and participate in any debriefing or training sessions. By reviewing and learning from your evaluation of violence risk, you can enhance your skills and confidence in de-escalating future situations.

6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?