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How can you ensure your Internet Services meet WCAG standards when using animations?

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Animations can enhance the user experience of your Internet Services, but they can also create accessibility barriers for some users. The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) provide standards and best practices to make your web content more accessible and inclusive for everyone. In this article, you will learn how to ensure your Internet Services meet WCAG standards when using animations.

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Rachel Parsons

UX / UI Designer & Researcher

1 What are animations and why use them?

Animations are dynamic effects that add motion, interaction, or transformation to your web content. They can be used for various purposes, such as attracting attention, providing feedback, creating transitions, or storytelling. Animations can improve the usability, engagement, and aesthetics of your Internet Services, but they can also pose challenges for some users, especially those with cognitive, visual, or vestibular impairments.

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Rachel Parsons

UX / UI Designer & Researcher
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To make sure your website animations meet WCAG standards, it's crucial to keep a few things in mind. First off, make sure users can control the animations – letting them pause or adjust the speed is a good start. Also, provide alternatives like descriptive text or still images for folks who might have trouble with moving graphics. And try to avoid flashy animations that could be a problem for anyone prone to seizures. Keep it simple and clear, so everyone can enjoy your site without any hassle.

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2 What are the WCAG standards for animations?

The WCAG standards for animations are based on four principles: perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust. These principles are intended to guarantee that web content is accessible to all users, regardless of their abilities, preferences, or devices. The WCAG standards for animations cover aspects such as providing alternatives or controls for animations that are essential for understanding the content or functionality of your Internet Services, avoiding animations that can cause seizures, nausea, or dizziness for some users, providing options to pause, stop, or hide animations that are not essential for understanding the content or functionality of your Internet Services and using animations that are consistent, predictable, and clear for all users. To ensure accessibility for everyone, these standards should be taken into consideration when creating web content with animations.

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Anderson Oliveira

Tech Leaders
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Principles Perceivable: According to this principle, it is necessary for content to be presented in more than one way. Operable: As the name suggests, a properly operable website is one in which all users can perform various operations without access barriers. Understandable: The third principle mainly concerns the textual content of websites. In addition to appropriate font choices, it is necessary to avoid specific expressions and write sentences in a clear and objective manner. Robust: The last concept relates to website coding. The WCAG stipulates that HTML should be aligned to be able to run existing assistive technologies.

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3 How to test your animations for accessibility?

Testing your animations for accessibility is essential and can be done in a variety of ways. Automated tools such as WAVE, axe, or Lighthouse can scan your web content to identify potential issues like contrast, color, or text size. Additionally, manual testing using different browsers, devices, and assistive technologies can detect issues that automated tools may miss, such as keyboard navigation, focus order, or captions. Finally, user testing is an important process to involve real users with different abilities and preferences to gain insights into how your animations affect the user experience.

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Anderson Oliveira

Tech Leaders
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The importance of a website being operable for all users, allowing them to perform operations without access difficulties, is emphasized. This requires HTML coding adjusted to facilitate keyboard navigation. Additionally, the page speed should be balanced, and headers should be structured in an organized manner. It is important to highlight the need to avoid devices that may trigger epileptic attacks, such as excessive colors and lighting, high repetitions, or the excessive use of pop-ups.

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4 How to fix your animations for accessibility?

If you find any accessibility issues with your animations, it's important to fix them quickly. Depending on the type and severity of the issue, you may need to modify your animations by changing properties or parameters such as speed, duration, frequency, or intensity. You could also add alternatives or controls for users to access content or functionality without relying on animations, such as text descriptions, transcripts, or audio descriptions for important information. Additionally, you may need to remove animations that are distracting, redundant, or purely decorative and replace them with static effects like images, icons, or text.

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5 How to learn more about animations and accessibility?

If you're looking to learn more about animations and accessibility, you can explore WCAG 2.1 – the official document that defines the accessibility standards and success criteria for web content – as well as WebAIM, a website that provides information, training, and resources on web accessibility. Additionally, the A11y Project is a community-driven website with tips, tricks, and tools on how to make your animations more accessible and inclusive for everyone. Specifically, under the sections 1.2 (Time-based Media), 2.2 (Enough Time), and 2.3 (Seizures and Physical Reactions) of WCAG 2.1 you can find specific guidelines and techniques for animations.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Anderson Oliveira

Tech Leaders
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The importance of considering the diversity of the target audience when addressing digital accessibility is emphasized, along with the need for varied measures to meet different needs. For instance, alternative descriptions are essential for blind individuals, while contrast is crucial for those with color blindness. Sign language translations are necessary for a significant portion of the hearing-impaired population, among other measures. The WCAG 2.0 is a comprehensive document containing various specifications to ensure accessibility for all audiences.

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How can you ensure your Internet Services meet WCAG standards when using animations?

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2

3

4

5

6

1 What are animations and why use them?

2 What are the WCAG standards for animations?

3 How to test your animations for accessibility?

4 How to fix your animations for accessibility?

5 How to learn more about animations and accessibility?

6 Here’s what else to consider

Internet Services

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How can you ensure your Internet Services meet WCAG standards when using animations?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 What are animations and why use them?

2 What are the WCAG standards for animations?

3 How to test your animations for accessibility?

4 How to fix your animations for accessibility?

5 How to learn more about animations and accessibility?

6 Here’s what else to consider

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