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How can you ensure clear and consistent navigation and headings in web applications?

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Navigation and headings are essential elements of web applications that help users find their way, understand the content, and perform tasks. However, not all web applications follow the best practices for creating clear and consistent navigation and headings, which can lead to confusion, frustration, and accessibility issues. In this article, you will learn how to ensure clear and consistent navigation and headings in web applications by following some simple guidelines and using some helpful tools.

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1 Use semantic HTML

One of the easiest ways to ensure clear and consistent navigation and headings in web applications is to use semantic HTML elements that convey the structure and meaning of the content. For example, use <nav> for navigation menus, <h1> to <h6> for headings, <main> for the main content, <aside> for sidebars, and <footer> for footers. Semantic HTML elements help users and assistive technologies to navigate and understand the web application, as well as improve the SEO and performance of the web application.

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2 Follow the WCAG standards

To ensure clear and consistent navigation and headings in web applications, following the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) is essential. WCAG provides a set of criteria and techniques that make web content accessible to people with disabilities. For navigation and headings, some of the relevant standards are Bypass Blocks, Page Titled, Focus Order, Link Purpose (In Context), and Headings and Labels. These standards help users skip repeated content that may interfere with their focus on the main content, provide a descriptive and unique title for each page, ensure that the order of elements that can receive keyboard focus matches the visual order and logical sequence of the content, ensure that the text or alternative text of links describes the purpose or destination of the link clearly and meaningfully, as well as ensure that headings and labels are descriptive and consistent, reflecting the hierarchy and relationship of the content.

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3 Use a consistent style and layout

A third way to ensure clear and consistent navigation and headings in web applications is to use a consistent style and layout for the visual presentation of the content. This means using a coherent color scheme, font size, font style, alignment, spacing, and contrast for the navigation and headings, as well as for the rest of the content. A consistent style and layout helps the user recognize and differentiate the navigation and headings from the other elements, and also creates a harmonious and professional look for the web application.

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Kelsey Hughes

Software Engineer ?? | I love building things for people.
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Consistency in design lets the user know what to expect when they are visiting your website or using your application. Users already come with preconceived notions of how navigation and headings should be presented and work. Maintaining consistency to that expectation (ex. Hamburger menu or more easily to navigate menu on mobile sizes) helps the user feel more comfortable using your application and can lead to greater conversion rates. Sites that are inconsistent or difficult to navigate can leave users feeling frustrated and end up leaving your site altogether due to that frustration.

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4 Test and evaluate your web application

A final way to ensure clear and consistent navigation and headings in web applications is to test and evaluate your web application with different tools, methods, and users. For example, you can use a browser extension, such as Web Developer or HTML Validator, to check the syntax and semantics of your HTML code. You can also use a web accessibility evaluation tool, such as WAVE or AChecker, to check the compliance of your web application with the WCAG standards. Moreover, you can use a usability testing tool, such as UserTesting or Usabilla, to collect feedback and suggestions from real users on the usability and accessibility of your web application.

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5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Christoph Richter

Trading | Token Launch | Account Abstraction
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Make sure, you have clear personas drafted for your web application, and regularly review their key intentions when using your web applications - any site typically gets cluttered with time, this is normal with any living application. And that also means, that a regularly cleanup will keep your navigation tight, and your users happy.

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Mike Bifulco

Co-founder, CTO at Craftwork (YC S23) & Cofounder of APIs You Won't Hate. ?? Writing about building startups, react, and design at mikebifulco.com/newsletter
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All devs should take some time to learn design basics - once you begin to understand that the design of any give page involves building a logical and visual hierarchy of information, it becomes easier to envision the structure of navigation for any given application. Reading about the rules of gestalt psychology in design is a great start for this. Understanding how proximity, size, similarity, continuation, etc work as it relates to page design and visual hierarchy is huge. It's the sort of thing that makes a ton of sense once you've seen it written out once - but until then, it can seem like a "feeling" or an instinct. The fundamentals of UX is just a few simple rules, and being consistent with them is more science than art.

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How can you ensure clear and consistent navigation and headings in web applications?

1

2

3

4

5

1 Use semantic HTML

2 Follow the WCAG standards

3 Use a consistent style and layout

4 Test and evaluate your web application

5 Here’s what else to consider

Web Applications

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How can you ensure clear and consistent navigation and headings in web applications?

1

2

3

4

5

1 Use semantic HTML

2 Follow the WCAG standards

3 Use a consistent style and layout

4 Test and evaluate your web application

5 Here’s what else to consider

Web Applications

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