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How can you determine the size of an energy storage system for a home?

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Energy storage systems (ESS) are devices that can store excess electricity from renewable sources, such as solar panels or wind turbines, and use it later when needed. ESS can help you reduce your dependence on the grid, lower your electricity bills, and improve your resilience to power outages. But how can you determine the size of an ESS for your home? Here are some steps to guide you through the process.

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Deep Chakraborty

CEO & Co-Founder, ENACT SYSTEMS INC. | Entrepreneur with International success | Leading the distributed energy and…

1 Assess your load profile

The first step is to assess your load profile, which is the amount and pattern of electricity consumption in your home. You can use your monthly or annual electricity bills, or a smart meter, to measure your load profile. Alternatively, you can estimate it by adding up the power ratings and usage hours of all your appliances and devices. Your load profile will help you determine how much electricity you need to store and use from your ESS.

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Deep Chakraborty

CEO & Co-Founder, ENACT SYSTEMS INC. | Entrepreneur with International success | Leading the distributed energy and carbon transition for corporations and consumers in the solar, energy storage and EV industries
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Powerful software platforms like Enact allow you to layer the cost of electricity onto your load profile, as all electric rates vary from one utility to another and your local utility might have time-of-use based rates.

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2 Calculate your solar or wind generation

The next step is to calculate how much electricity you can generate from your solar panels or wind turbines, if you have any. You can use online tools, such as PVWatts or Windy, to estimate your solar or wind generation based on your location, system size, orientation, and weather conditions. Your solar or wind generation will help you determine how much electricity you can store or export to the grid.

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Deep Chakraborty

CEO & Co-Founder, ENACT SYSTEMS INC. | Entrepreneur with International success | Leading the distributed energy and carbon transition for corporations and consumers in the solar, energy storage and EV industries
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Leveraging software platforms like Enact, estimating generation becomes very accurate through the use of 3D design - imagery is used to layer solar panels with correct azimuth and tilt, to estimate generation (including shade modeling from nearby objects). Also add the correct inverter options that match the size and type of projects.

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3 Choose your ESS type and configuration

The third step is to choose your ESS type and configuration, based on your load profile, solar or wind generation, and goals. There are different types of ESS, such as batteries, flywheels, or supercapacitors, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. You also need to decide whether you want your ESS to be AC-coupled or DC-coupled, and whether you want it to be grid-connected or off-grid. These choices will affect the efficiency, cost, and performance of your ESS.

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Deep Chakraborty

CEO & Co-Founder, ENACT SYSTEMS INC. | Entrepreneur with International success | Leading the distributed energy and carbon transition for corporations and consumers in the solar, energy storage and EV industries
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Finally, you will need to model the use-case of the battery. Software platforms like Enact allow the user to set the times of daily discharge of the battery. This could be, for example, the evening hours in California where the price of electricity is the highest (4-9pm), allow an arbitrage opportunity

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4 Apply the sizing formula

The fourth step is to apply the sizing formula, which is a mathematical equation that relates the ESS capacity, power, and discharge time to the load profile and solar or wind generation. The sizing formula can vary depending on the ESS type and configuration, but a general form is:

ESS capacity (kWh) = (Load demand - Solar or wind generation) x Discharge time (h)

ESS power (kW) = Load demand / Discharge time (h)

You can use these formulas to calculate the minimum ESS capacity and power that can meet your load demand for a given discharge time. You can also adjust the discharge time to account for different scenarios, such as peak shaving, load shifting, or backup power.

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5 Compare different ESS options

The final step is to compare different ESS options, based on the sizing results and other criteria, such as cost, lifetime, warranty, maintenance, and environmental impact. You can use online calculators, such as EnergySage or SolarReviews, to compare different ESS options and see how they affect your savings, payback period, and carbon footprint. You can also consult with an energy engineer or a certified installer to get a customized quote and advice for your ESS project.

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Deep Chakraborty

CEO & Co-Founder, ENACT SYSTEMS INC. | Entrepreneur with International success | Leading the distributed energy and carbon transition for corporations and consumers in the solar, energy storage and EV industries
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Powerful software-based design platforms like Enact, allow the user to compare across different brands of batteries / models, and different matching inverters as well as related incentives and financing options as well. Certain states like MA and CT allows incentives for battery storage specifically, in addition to a federal tax credit that covers 30% of the entire cost of the system.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you determine the size of an energy storage system for a home?

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1 Assess your load profile

2 Calculate your solar or wind generation

3 Choose your ESS type and configuration

4 Apply the sizing formula

5 Compare different ESS options

6 Here’s what else to consider

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