How can you determine the lifespan of an energy storage battery?

Focus in Ion-Lithium tecnologies, I would like to introduce the "State of Health" (SoH) concept as a critical measure of its current condition and overall performance compared to its original state. This parameter is commonly expressed as a percentage, where 100% signifies the battery's initial capacity and functionality. There are several factors influence on the SoH of a lithium-ion battery: Cycles, Depth of Discharge (DoD), temperature, overcharging and overdischarging, manufacturing quality and age. To assess the SoH there are diagnostic tools or instruments to measure capacity, voltage, and other relevant parameters. Modern battery management systems often provide information about the battery's health.

Based on the discharge cycles ie usage pattern the battery capacity shall be tested as C5 or C10 with reference to manufacturer guidelines. Once these data is mapped with internal resistance value of each individual cells we can asses the battery life span. It should be closer to 95% and should not go below 80% if so need more attention. Proper maintenance as well as corrective action performed as per the observed analysis during routine maintenance, will improve the life cycle. Not but not the least

MW level BESS is different from KW level ESS as MW level is generally made in 20ft or 40ft metal containers to handle large current/high voltage for a duration which generally varies from 1 hour to 4 hour. Temperature control is a very important aspect in MW/MWh level BESS for getting a better life cycle. EMS and PCS are important parts to get full efficiency of the storage system. It has other accessories like HVAC, Fire extinguishers etc. SCADA and RMS makes it easier to understand the behaviour of BESS along with its operations and monitoring. If DoD is set at lower levels 0.3C to 0.5C then life of BESS will be better.

The lifespan of energy storage batteries varies depending on factors such as battery type, usage patterns, No of DODs and environmental conditions. Generally, lithium-ion batteries, commonly used in energy storage, can last 10 years with proper maintenance and optimal operating conditions. Regular monitoring and adherence to manufacturer guidelines can help maximize battery life.

To know lifespan of battery its more important to understand the specification of batteries in terms of capacity WH , for higher lifespan , it needs the higher depth of discharge (DoD), which means you can use more stored energy before you need to charge them. also various factors like how often you use the battery, and where the battery is stored, which significantly impacts how long the battery lasts.

To find battery lifetime, divide the battery capacity by the current consumption over time. The performance and lifetime of lithium-ion battery systems degradation caused by environment and charge cycling. Currently, lithium ion battery life is the longest with typical lifespan is around 3 years or 500 charge cycles. Now, no more traditional voltage of battery like 1.5V, 12V or 24V. In last few years, DC voltage advance to higher values like 250V, 600V, 1000V and 1500V DC for energy storage to remain compatible with advance level of solar invertors and power convertors; that resulting in greater space efficiency. In 2020, it was $1.2B market and I am expecting 4 times increase ($4.8B) by 2025 due to sustainability drive and COP28 !

As with everything, you need good parts and units. Sometimes you have Chinese inferior... Only time will tell which option was the best choice.

I have found that one of the biggest failures of batteries is Temperature and level of charge maintained in the battery over it’s life. For example, Vehicle Battery goes over 90% dead. How long will it last after that?? From My experience, anywhere from 6 months to a year depending on What type of battery you have. In addition, in UPS systems, if sealed batteries have large discharge, they will bulge and you have a replacement need soon after. Ceramatec has a battery that would counter a lot of these issues.

Regular charging and discharging is a basic principle that has applied since its discovery and has evolved over time. But load bank testing also provides an indication of load and discharge and must also be carried out at regular intervals.

Optimising the usage of a battery and determining its lifespan involve several considerations and practices. Here are some general tips: 1. Charge and Discharge Cycles 2. Avoid Deep Discharges 3. Avoid High Temperatures 4. Avoid Fast Charging 5. Use Manufacturer's Charger 6. Storage Conditions 7. Update Software 8. Battery Health Monitoring 9. Battery Saver Mode 10. Replace Old Batteries 11. Properly Dispose of Old Batteries

Also keep in mind that due to unforeseen circumstances, the infrastructure is burdened by prolonged power outages or temperature changes/humidity conditions that were not anticipated. Poor generator operation, and so on...

Provided that regular testing and conditions are monitored and good basic battery banks are used, the infrastructure should last at least 20 years. An electric car will not achieve this...

Battery Chemistry: Different battery types have inherent lifespans. Lithium-ion batteries, commonly used in solar storage, typically last 10-15 years, while lead-acid batteries might only manage 5-7 years. Knowing your battery's chemistry is a crucial starting point. Cycle Life: Each charge and discharge cycle takes a toll on the battery's capacity. Manufacturers specify a cycle life, like 5000 cycles for some lithium-ion batteries. Deeper discharges (using more of the capacity) count as even more cycles. Depth of Discharge (DoD): Aiming for shallower discharges, typically under 80% DoD, significantly extends battery life. Avoid fully discharging your battery whenever possible.

La vida útil de la batería generalmente se mide en los ciclos de carga y descarga que tenga. Lo importante es usarla teniendo en cuenta los consumos para la cual fue dimensionada, no demandarle mas corriente de la requerida y siempre incorporar a la instalación un regulador de carga para medir los valores de V y A de la carga, cuidando la vida útil de la misma.