How can you design a drone communication network for a large-scale event?

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Drones are becoming more popular and versatile for various applications, such as entertainment, surveillance, and delivery. However, to operate multiple drones safely and efficiently in a large-scale event, you need a reliable and robust drone communication network. In this article, you will learn how to design a drone communication network for a large-scale event, using some basic principles and tools.

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1 Define your requirements

The first step in designing a drone communication network is to define your requirements, such as the number and type of drones, the area and duration of the event, the data rate and latency, and the security and reliability. These factors will determine the choice of communication technologies, protocols, and architectures for your network. For example, if you want to use drones for a live show, you might need a high data rate and low latency to synchronize the drones' movements and lights. On the other hand, if you want to use drones for a delivery service, you might need a high security and reliability to protect the drones and the packages.

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Tsahi Mizrahi
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One thing I found helpful is the usage of open standard such as Mavlink protocol. The usage of Mavlink allow multi platform use and extensibility with the power of community development similar to the way android was pushed forward

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Daniel Fuller

Helping companies in the Unmanned Systems space clarify their path forward into new markets and verticals. #UAS #Marketgrowth #unmannedsystems
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Defining requirements is always when considering Drones for a mission. For this situation, the items listed already like type of event, data bandwidth, latency, security and reliability are important. Other factors to consider include terrain and the RF environment in which the drones will be surrounded. All factors considered one may opt for basic Point to point comms systems, or utilize existing commercial cellular networks or a private LTE network, or a robust encrypted closed mesh network or even potentially a FCC licensable frequency network. The quality of the communications network supporting the Drone mission can be difference between effective and ineffective operations.

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2 Choose your communication technologies

The next step is to choose your communication technologies, such as radio frequency (RF), cellular, or satellite. Each technology has its advantages and disadvantages, depending on the requirements and the environment. For example, RF communication is cheap and easy to implement, but it has limited range and bandwidth, and it can suffer from interference and congestion. Cellular communication is widely available and scalable, but it has high cost and dependency on the network infrastructure. Satellite communication is global and robust, but it has high latency and power consumption, and it can be affected by weather conditions.

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Tsahi Mizrahi
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Actually in mission critical use such as Drones I usually build an hybrid solution where one complement each other. RF use is great for most applications even for long range, and can be used side by side with cell / sat.

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3 Design your network architecture

The third step is to design your network architecture, such as centralized, decentralized, or hybrid. Each architecture has its benefits and challenges, depending on the communication technologies and the requirements. For example, a centralized architecture is simple and easy to manage, but it has a single point of failure and a high load on the central node. A decentralized architecture is resilient and flexible, but it has a high complexity and a low coordination among the nodes. A hybrid architecture is a combination of both, which can balance the trade-offs and optimize the performance.

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Tsahi Mizrahi
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From network architecture Decentralized is the way to go. More over I would architect it with relay of critical messages built in.

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4 Implement your network protocols

The fourth step is to implement your network protocols, such as TCP/IP, MQTT, or DDS. Each protocol has its features and functions, depending on the communication technologies and the requirements. For example, TCP/IP is the standard protocol for internet communication, but it has high overhead and low efficiency for drone communication. MQTT is a lightweight and publish-subscribe protocol, which is suitable for low-power and low-bandwidth communication. DDS is a real-time and data-centric protocol, which is ideal for high-performance and high-reliability communication.

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Tsahi Mizrahi
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A Drone communication architecture cannot be implemented as one layer solution. Different messages requiere different protocols. Command and control need to reliable, while backward data stream can have more efficent protocol such as UDP / UDP over RTSP. again the system architecture should be allowed to be encapsulated with seperation of concern.

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5 Test and optimize your network

The fifth step is to test and optimize your network, using some tools and methods, such as simulation, emulation, or field testing. Each tool and method has its pros and cons, depending on the communication technologies and the requirements. For example, simulation is fast and cheap, but it has low accuracy and realism. Emulation is more realistic and accurate, but it has high cost and complexity. Field testing is the most realistic and accurate, but it has high risk and uncertainty.

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Daniel Fuller

Helping companies in the Unmanned Systems space clarify their path forward into new markets and verticals. #UAS #Marketgrowth #unmannedsystems
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Using field tested equipment and protocols is important for mission success, but actual field testing and use-age prior to the big event or 'going live' is critical. The specific area as discussed above regarding requirements play a big role in determining how effective the communications will be and one never knows for sure till the system is utilized in as a real a scenario as possible. It' important the the designed system is testing at expected bandwidths at expected time of day of mission, but also at worst case, 'max load' conditions and times so that one is aware of how the overall operation could be affected should worst case scenarios occur. Well thought out planning and testing is very important for big event success.

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6 Monitor and troubleshoot your network

The final step is to monitor and troubleshoot your network, using some tools and techniques, such as logging, analytics, or debugging. Each tool and technique has its uses and limitations, depending on the communication technologies and the requirements. For example, logging is useful for recording and reviewing the network events and data, but it has high storage and processing requirements. Analytics is helpful for analyzing and visualizing the network performance and behavior, but it has high computational and bandwidth requirements. Debugging is essential for identifying and resolving the network errors and issues, but it has high skill and time requirements.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Tsahi Mizrahi
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No only one solution to role them all. If failure can happen assume it will. Any UAV can have critical failures and as such critical parts must be robust with backup

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How can you design a drone communication network for a large-scale event?

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1 Define your requirements

2 Choose your communication technologies

3 Design your network architecture

4 Implement your network protocols

5 Test and optimize your network

6 Monitor and troubleshoot your network

7 Here’s what else to consider

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