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How can you design and develop prototypes in product R&D?

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Prototyping is a crucial part of product research and development (R&D), as it allows you to test your ideas, validate your assumptions, and gather feedback from users and stakeholders. However, designing and developing prototypes can be challenging, especially if you have limited time, resources, or skills. In this article, you will learn some practical tips on how to plan, create, and evaluate prototypes in product R&D.

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Zakir Jamal

Co-Designing Radical Solutions for Human Problems

1 Define your goals and scope

Before you start prototyping, you need to have a clear vision of what you want to achieve and how you will measure your success. What problem are you trying to solve? Who are your target users? What are their needs, preferences, and pain points? What are the key features and functions of your product? How will you test your prototype and collect feedback? These are some of the questions you should answer to define your goals and scope for your prototype.

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2 Choose your prototyping method and tools

Depending on your goals and scope, you can choose from different prototyping methods and tools. For example, you can use paper sketches, wireframes, mockups, or interactive prototypes to demonstrate your product concept. You can also use low-fidelity or high-fidelity prototypes, depending on the level of detail and functionality you want to show. You can use various tools, such as pen and paper, online software, or hardware kits, to create your prototypes. The key is to select the method and tool that best suit your needs, budget, and skills.

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Zakir Jamal

Co-Designing Radical Solutions for Human Problems
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In general, best practice with prototyping is to keep the fidelity as low as possible, some times intentionally trying to have prototypes look unfinished. For this reason, my bias is always towards paper prototyping, or associated "mechanical turk" methods. In these methods the minimum possible investment is made into the prototype, at the lowest possible level for fidelity to communicate the relevant mental models of the designers, feasibilitu goals of the developers, or financial viability goals of the PM's. There a few reasons for this. Firstly, users are more likely to give better feedback if the feel the prototype is unfinished. Secondly, this dismissed upfront investment towards an MVP. Thirdly, this makes R&D more efficient.

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3 Build your prototype and iterate

Once you have chosen your prototyping method and tool, you can start building your prototype. You should follow the basic principles of design thinking, such as empathy, ideation, and experimentation, to create a user-centered prototype. You should also follow the best practices of prototyping, such as keeping it simple, focusing on the core features, and involving users and stakeholders. Moreover, you should be ready to iterate your prototype based on the feedback and insights you receive. You should test your prototype early and often, and make changes as needed.

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Zakir Jamal

Co-Designing Radical Solutions for Human Problems
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I think this is a bit simplistic. You can't just point at two people and say "empathize". In general the process of understanding what users need is more complicated than just asking or following design thinking as a dogmatic framework. In general, it's good practice to try to set up opportunities to capture users wants in an environment and structure that can tell you their needs. The last thing to do is take what users want at their word. What users want is in dialogue with context. Some things are technically feasible, some things aren't. Some features are worth investing in, some aren't. What helps navigate this are research and discovery processes that enable insight through analysis of user wants.

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4 Evaluate your prototype and learn

The final step of prototyping is to evaluate your prototype and learn from the results. You should use various methods and metrics to measure the performance, usability, and desirability of your prototype. For example, you can use surveys, interviews, observations, or analytics to collect quantitative and qualitative data from your users and stakeholders. You should also use tools and techniques, such as feedback loops, affinity diagrams, or SWOT analysis, to analyze and synthesize the data. The goal is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of your prototype, and to discover the opportunities and threats for your product.

Prototyping is a powerful way to design and develop products that meet the needs and expectations of your users and stakeholders. By following these tips, you can create effective prototypes that will help you improve your product R&D process and outcomes.

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Zakir Jamal

Co-Designing Radical Solutions for Human Problems
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A contribution I can make here: qualitative data is often underlooked and ndervalued despite being incredibly useful when trying to understand "why" questions about a product. This is particularly useful when a product is at a new stage. In my startup work, this involves working from pre-exisfing data, clarifying assumptions, and then setting up tactical but rich qualitative user testing protocols. Qualitative data often needs to be fought for to be collected and viewed as useful, and I find this is usually the argument to make: if you want to know "what" or "how" use heuristics, benchmarks, etc. With analytics. If you want to know "why", you'll need some qualitative depth. What do we need to know here?

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5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you design and develop prototypes in product R&D?

1

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3

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5

1 Define your goals and scope

2 Choose your prototyping method and tools

3 Build your prototype and iterate

4 Evaluate your prototype and learn

5 Here’s what else to consider

Research

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How can you design and develop prototypes in product R&D?

1

2

3

4

5

1 Define your goals and scope

2 Choose your prototyping method and tools

3 Build your prototype and iterate

4 Evaluate your prototype and learn

5 Here’s what else to consider

Research

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