How can you choose the right fire suppression system for your building?

1 Fire suppression system basics

A fire suppression system is a set of devices and components that detect, control, and extinguish fires in a building. There are two main categories of fire suppression systems: active and passive. Active systems require manual or automatic activation to operate, such as sprinklers, hoses, and extinguishers. Passive systems do not require any activation, but rely on the building's design and materials to prevent or limit the spread of fire, such as fire doors, walls, and dampers. Both types of systems are essential for fire safety and must comply with relevant codes and standards.

2 Sprinkler systems

Sprinkler systems are the most common and effective active fire suppression systems for buildings. They consist of a network of pipes, valves, and sprinkler heads that deliver water to the fire area when triggered by heat or smoke. Sprinkler systems can be wet, dry, pre-action, or deluge, depending on the type of water supply and activation mechanism. Sprinkler systems can reduce fire damage, protect occupants, and facilitate firefighting operations. However, they also have some drawbacks, such as water damage, corrosion, maintenance, and freezing issues.

3 Gaseous systems

Gaseous systems are another type of active fire suppression systems that use inert or chemical gases to suppress fires by displacing oxygen, cooling the flames, or interrupting the combustion process. Gaseous systems can be total flooding or local application, depending on the coverage area and the gas concentration. Gaseous systems can be effective for protecting sensitive equipment, such as servers, electrical panels, and archives. However, they also have some challenges, such as gas leakage, toxicity, environmental impact, and occupant safety.

4 Water mist systems

Water mist systems are a relatively new type of active fire suppression systems that use fine water droplets to extinguish fires by cooling, smothering, and radiant heat blocking. Water mist systems can be high pressure, intermediate pressure, or low pressure, depending on the water droplet size and velocity. Water mist systems can offer several benefits, such as low water consumption, minimal water damage, reduced thermal shock, and enhanced visibility. However, they also have some limitations, such as high installation cost, performance variability, and nozzle clogging.