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How can you choose the right bill of lading for your shipment?

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A bill of lading (BOL) is a crucial document in import/export operations, as it serves as a contract, a receipt, and a proof of ownership for your shipment. However, not all bills of lading are the same, and choosing the right one can affect your costs, risks, and obligations. In this article, you will learn about the different types of bills of lading and how to choose the best one for your shipment.

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Ashwani Kumar

Assistant Manager - Global Trade

1 Straight BOL

A straight BOL is a non-negotiable document that specifies the consignee (the person or entity who will receive the goods) by name. This means that the carrier will only deliver the goods to the consignee or their authorized agent, and no one else can claim the goods by presenting the BOL. A straight BOL is usually used for prepaid shipments, where the buyer has already paid the seller before the goods are shipped.

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Ashwani Kumar

Assistant Manager - Global Trade
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The bill of Lading is issued by shipping company to carry the shipment from POL to POD and signed by the carrier. The bill can be issued on “Freight Collect” (the consignee is responsible to pay the shipping charges) or on “Freight Prepaid” (the shipper is responsible to pay the shipping charges). The main 3 types are as follows: 1. Original B/L: Original B/L is issued in 3 copies., as the name implies, is original. An importer must have Original document to pick up a cargo. 2. Surrendered B/L: Submitting set of original BL to shipping lines at origin, Once it is surrendered, Importer can release the cargo without showing OBL. 3. Sea Way Bill: It is a soft copy of BL, Shipper can send the copy of Waybill to the Consignee by email.

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Dina Santana Santos

Master's in Management & Public Administration | Researcher | Internet Governance Advocate
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There are some examples of bills of lading: Maritime BOL - generated by shipping companies as a carrier, in this case, for containers in transit by sea. The original bill of lading will be used to ensure payment was made. Maritime Bill of Lading - It is a non-negotiable document issued in lieu of a Maritime Bill of Lading. House Bill Of Lading (HBoL) - When cargo is arranged by sea freight through an NVOCC/Freight Forwarder, a House Bill of Lading is generated. Master Air Way Bill of Lading - These are airline bills of lading and are generated by the airline or dispatchers. House Air Way Bill of Lading - as long as they indicate that the issuer itself assumes responsibility as carrier or acts as agent for a named carrier.

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2 Order BOL

An order BOL is a negotiable document that does not name a specific consignee, but instead states "to order" or "to order of" followed by the name of the shipper, the buyer, or a third party. This means that the holder of the original BOL can endorse it and transfer the title and ownership of the goods to another party. An order BOL is usually used for collect shipments, where the buyer pays the seller upon delivery of the goods, or for shipments that are traded while in transit.

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3 Clean BOL

A clean BOL is a document that indicates that the goods have been received by the carrier in good condition, without any defects, damages, or discrepancies. A clean BOL protects the seller from any claims by the buyer that the goods were damaged or lost during transportation. If the carrier notices any issues with the goods, they will issue a claused BOL, which will specify the nature and extent of the problems. A claused BOL can affect the value and insurability of the goods, and may cause disputes between the seller and the buyer.

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4 On Board BOL

An on board BOL is a document that confirms that the goods have been loaded on board the vessel or aircraft that will transport them to their destination. An on board BOL serves as a proof of shipment, which is often required by banks or customs authorities to release payments or clearances. If the goods have not been loaded yet, the carrier will issue a received for shipment BOL, which only acknowledges that the goods have been received by the carrier, but not yet shipped. A received for shipment BOL does not guarantee that the goods will be shipped on a specific date or vessel.

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5 Through BOL

A through BOL is a document that covers the entire transportation of the goods from the origin to the final destination, even if there are multiple modes or carriers involved. A through BOL simplifies the documentation and liability issues for the seller and the buyer, as they only have to deal with one contract and one carrier. However, a through BOL may also limit the visibility and control over the shipment, as the main carrier may outsource some parts of the transportation to other parties.

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Dina Santana Santos

Master's in Management & Public Administration | Researcher | Internet Governance Advocate
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Thus, the Through BOL is a legal document required mainly in cases of export of goods, as it serves as a contract for receiving and transporting cargo. This type of bill of lading generally covers the entire transportation process from start to finish, regardless of the modes of transport used.

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6 Choosing the right BOL

Choosing the right BOL for your shipment depends on several factors, such as the terms of sale, the mode of transportation, the value and nature of the goods, and the preferences and requirements of the seller and the buyer. You should always consult with your carrier, your freight forwarder, your customs broker, and your insurance provider to ensure that you select the most suitable and secure BOL for your shipment. A BOL is not just a piece of paper, but a legal document that can have significant implications for your import/export operations.

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Dina Santana Santos

Master's in Management & Public Administration | Researcher | Internet Governance Advocate
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Your choice of Incoterms will determine the right BOL to be handled. Which depends on the nature of the business and what goods are being handled.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you choose the right bill of lading for your shipment?

1

2

3

4

5

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1 Straight BOL

2 Order BOL

3 Clean BOL

4 On Board BOL

5 Through BOL

6 Choosing the right BOL

7 Here’s what else to consider

Import/Export Operations

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How can you choose the right bill of lading for your shipment?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Straight BOL

2 Order BOL

3 Clean BOL

4 On Board BOL

5 Through BOL

6 Choosing the right BOL

7 Here’s what else to consider

Import/Export Operations

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