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How can you audit cloud network security with Kubernetes Admission Control?

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Cloud network security is a critical aspect of any modern application deployment, especially when using Kubernetes as the orchestration platform. Kubernetes offers a powerful feature called Admission Control, which allows you to enforce policies and rules on the resources that are created or modified in your cluster. In this article, you will learn how you can use Admission Control to audit your cloud network security and detect any potential issues or violations.

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1 What is Admission Control?

Admission Control is a mechanism that intercepts requests to the Kubernetes API server before they are persisted or acted upon. It consists of two types of plugins: validating and mutating. Validating plugins check if the request conforms to certain criteria and reject it if not. Mutating plugins modify the request to apply defaults, transformations, or annotations. You can use Admission Control to implement security policies, such as restricting the use of privileged containers, enforcing network policies, or validating pod security standards.

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Arash Hoseinpoor

Microsoft Certified Solutions Architect Microsoft Charter Member Microsoft Advisor AWS Certified Technologist & Amazonian IBM Certified Practitioner VMWare Certified Fortinet Certified Cisco Certified PaloAlto Certified
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in the context of security, admission control refers to the process of permitting or denying access to a system, network, or facility based on predefined criteria, such as authentication credentials or security policies. It helps prevent unauthorized entities from gaining entry and protects against potential security threats.

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Desmond Durrant

PMP | CISSP | CCSE | CISO | CCIE | MCSA | MCSE AZ 300 | CKA | AZ 500 | AZ 301 | AZ 900 | AZ104
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Admission Control is a mechanism that intercepts requests to the Kubernetes API server before they are persisted in the cluster or executed by the API server. Admission Control can be used to enforce policies, modify objects, or reject requests that do not comply with certain rules. There are two types of admission controllers: validating and mutating. Validating admission controllers check the validity of the request and can deny it if it violates any constraints. Mutating admission controllers can modify the request object to set default values, inject annotations, or perform other transformations Some examples of admission controllers are: NamespaceLifecycle: This controller prevents the eletion of the default, kube-system.

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Warren Whitaker

Project Manager at Tyler Technologies | BS Info Tech | US Army Veteran
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Kubernetes have built-in securoty capabilities that include network secuirty, resource isolation, logging and auditing. Admisiion controllers enable governance and enforcement of how clusters work.

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2 How to enable Admission Control?

To enable Admission Control, you need to configure the kube-apiserver with the --enable-admission-plugins flag and specify the plugins you want to use. Additionally, you can use the --disable-admission-plugins flag to disable any default plugins that are not needed. Relevant plugins for cloud network security include PodSecurityPolicy, which validates pod specifications against a set of rules that define the allowed security contexts; NetworkPolicy, which ensures that only pods that match a network policy can communicate with each other or access external resources; ResourceQuota, which limits the amount of resources a namespace can consume; and ServiceAccount, which assigns a default service account to each pod for authentication and authorization of API requests.

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Desmond Durrant

PMP | CISSP | CCSE | CISO | CCIE | MCSA | MCSE AZ 300 | CKA | AZ 500 | AZ 301 | AZ 900 | AZ104
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Admission Control is a feature of Kubernetes that allows you to intercept and modify requests to the API server before they are persisted as objects. To enable Admission Control, you need to configure the kube-apiserver with the --enable-admission-plugins flag, and specify a comma-delimited list of admission control plugins to invoke. For example, you can use the following command to enable the NamespaceLifecycle and LimitRanger plugins.

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3 How to create custom Admission Control plugins?

If the built-in plugins are not enough for your needs, you can create custom Admission Control plugins with the Kubernetes API extension mechanisms. This can be done with a Webhook, which allows you to write your own logic in any language and expose it as a web service. You will also need to register your webhook and specify the rules, resources, and operations that it applies to. Alternatively, you can leverage the Kubernetes controller pattern and write your own logic in Go using the client-go library. This requires creating a custom resource definition (CRD) that represents your admission policy and a controller that watches for changes in the CRD and relevant resources.

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Desmond Durrant

PMP | CISSP | CCSE | CISO | CCIE | MCSA | MCSE AZ 300 | CKA | AZ 500 | AZ 301 | AZ 900 | AZ104
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You can create custom Admission Control plugins with the Kubernetes API extension mechanisms. Admission controllers are a set of plug-ins that can be configured to run before or after an API request is processed by the Kubernetes API server. Admission controllers can be used to enforce custom defaults, policies, and constraints on objects during creation and updates. In addition to compiled-in admission plugins, admission plugins can be developed as extensions and run as webhooks configured at runtime. Admission webhooks are HTTP callbacks that receive admission requests and do something with them. You can define two types of admission webhooks, validating admission webhook and mutating admission webhook.

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4 How to audit Admission Control events?

To audit Admission Control events, you need to enable the audit logging feature of the kube-apiserver. You can do this by using the --audit-log-path flag and specifying a file where the audit logs will be stored. You can also use the --audit-policy-file flag and provide a YAML file that defines the rules for filtering and categorizing the audit events. The audit logs will contain information such as the request URI, user, resource, operation, admission plugin, and response.

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5 How to analyze Admission Control logs?

Analyzing Admission Control logs can be done with various tools and methods, depending on your preferences and requirements. Kubectl can be used to query the audit logs and filter them by different criteria, such as user, resource, or plugin. For instance, the command kubectl get events --field-selector auditID=<audit-id> can provide details of a specific audit event. Fluentd is helpful for collecting, parsing, and forwarding the audit logs to a desired destination, as well as for enriching, transforming, or aggregating the audit logs. Additionally, Elasticsearch can store, index, and search the audit logs while Kibana can be used to visualize and explore the audit logs and create dashboards and alerts.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you audit cloud network security with Kubernetes Admission Control?

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2

3

4

5

6

1 What is Admission Control?

2 How to enable Admission Control?

3 How to create custom Admission Control plugins?

4 How to audit Admission Control events?

5 How to analyze Admission Control logs?

6 Here’s what else to consider

Network Security

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How can you audit cloud network security with Kubernetes Admission Control?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 What is Admission Control?

2 How to enable Admission Control?

3 How to create custom Admission Control plugins?

4 How to audit Admission Control events?

5 How to analyze Admission Control logs?

6 Here’s what else to consider

Network Security

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