To illustrate how FMEA can be applied to software product engineering, here are some examples of potential failure modes, their causes, effects, ratings, and actions for a hypothetical online shopping app. For example, the app might crash when the user adds an item to the cart due to failing to handle the exception when the item is out of stock. This has a high severity rating of 9, a low occurrence rating of 3, and a moderate detection rating of 7, resulting in an RPN of 189. The action for this issue is to fix the bug and implement error handling and recovery mechanisms. Another potential failure mode is that the app displays incorrect or outdated information about the products due to not syncing with the database or API. This has a moderate severity rating of 7, a moderate occurrence rating of 5, and a moderate detection rating of 5, resulting in an RPN of 175. The action for this issue is to improve the data quality and integrity, and implement data validation and verification methods. Finally, the app might not load or respond quickly due to poor performance or scalability issues. This has a moderate severity rating of 5, a high occurrence rating of 7, and a low detection rating of 3, resulting in an RPN of 105. The action for this issue is to optimize the code and design, and implement performance and load testing methods.