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How can you account for vibration and shock during rocket launch and flight?

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Vibration and shock are two of the most challenging factors that affect the structural integrity and performance of rockets during launch and flight. They can cause damage, failure, or malfunction of the rocket components, payloads, and systems. How can you account for vibration and shock during rocket launch and flight? In this article, we will explore some of the sources, effects, and methods of dealing with vibration and shock in rocket design and analysis.

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Indir Jaganjac

Senior Electrical Engineer

1 Sources of vibration and shock

Vibration and shock can originate from various sources during rocket launch and flight, such as aerodynamic forces and pressures that vary with speed, altitude, and atmospheric conditions, thrust oscillations and combustion instabilities that occur in the rocket engines and propellant tanks, separation events and staging maneuvers that involve pyrotechnic devices, explosive bolts, or spring mechanisms, mechanical and electrical disturbances that are transmitted through the rocket structure, such as pumps, valves, sensors, or actuators, and acoustic noise and shock waves generated by the rocket exhaust, sonic booms, or supersonic flow. All of these sources can have a significant impact on the performance of the rocket. Therefore, it is important to assess the risk of vibration and shock in order to ensure a successful launch.

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Indir Jaganjac

Senior Electrical Engineer
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Vibration Isolation: Sensitive instruments and payloads are often isolated from the rest of the rocket using shock absorbers, dampers, and other techniques. These mechanisms absorb and dissipate vibrations before they reach critical components. Testing and Verification: Extensive ground testing is conducted to simulate the launch environment and expose the rocket to vibrations and shocks. This allows engineers to identify weak points and make adjustments before launch. Advanced Technologies: Research is ongoing into new technologies for mitigating vibration and shock, such as active vibration control systems that use sensors and actuators to counteract unwanted vibrations in real-time.

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2 Effects of vibration and shock

Vibration and shock can have a range of damaging effects on the rocket structure and components, such as fatigue and fracture that reduce the strength of materials and joints, resonance and amplification that increase the vibration levels and induce dynamic instability or flutter, loosening and detachment that compromise the connections and fittings of parts and assemblies, deformation and displacement that alter the shape and position of elements and affect the aerodynamics and alignment of the rocket, as well as interference and disruption that impair the functionality and reliability of electrical, optical, or mechanical systems.

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3 Methods of dealing with vibration and shock

To account for vibration and shock during rocket launch and flight, you need to apply some methods of analysis, testing, and mitigation. Structural dynamic analysis can help predict the natural frequencies, mode shapes, damping ratios, and response spectra of the rocket, while shock analysis can estimate peak accelerations, durations, and impulses of shock events. Analysis methods can range from analytical, numerical, empirical, or a combination of them. Testing should be done to validate the analysis results and verify the performance and survivability of the rocket. This can involve laboratory or field testing with different types of excitations such as sinusoidal, random, or transient. Mitigation measures should be implemented to reduce the impact and risk of vibration and shock on the rocket. These can include passive or active methods with devices such as isolators, dampers, or absorbers. Vibration and shock are unavoidable occurrences during rocket launch and flight; however they can be accounted for in design and analysis to improve safety and performance.

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4 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you account for vibration and shock during rocket launch and flight?

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1 Sources of vibration and shock

2 Effects of vibration and shock

3 Methods of dealing with vibration and shock

4 Here’s what else to consider

Aerospace Engineering

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How can you account for vibration and shock during rocket launch and flight?

1

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1 Sources of vibration and shock

2 Effects of vibration and shock

3 Methods of dealing with vibration and shock

4 Here’s what else to consider

Aerospace Engineering

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