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How can plant phenotyping help you identify drought-tolerant crops?

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Drought is one of the major threats to global food security, especially in regions where water resources are scarce and unpredictable. To cope with this challenge, plant breeders need to develop crops that can survive and produce under water-limited conditions. But how can they identify the best candidates among thousands of potential varieties? This is where plant phenotyping comes in.

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Ubong Fred

Corporate Agribusiness Coach|| Email Copywriter || Storyteller ||Author || ???????? ????????????
Pedro Fidalgo de Almeida

Tomato Breeder

1 What is plant phenotyping?

Plant phenotyping is the process of measuring and analyzing the observable traits of plants, such as their growth, morphology, physiology, and biochemistry. These traits reflect how plants respond to different environmental factors, such as drought, heat, salinity, or pests. By comparing the phenotypes of different plants, breeders can select the ones that show the most desirable characteristics for a given condition.

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Ubong Fred

Corporate Agribusiness Coach|| Email Copywriter || Storyteller ||Author || ???????? ????????????
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?Plant phenotying is an important tool to address and understand plant environment interaction and its translation into application in crop management practices. It guides agricultural decisions with respect to adaptability of crops to prevalent environmental and edaphic conditions.

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2 How can plant phenotyping help you identify drought-tolerant crops?

The main objective of plant phenotyping is to uncover the genetic basis of drought tolerance, which is a complex and multifaceted trait. Advanced technologies, such as sensors, cameras, drones, or robots, can be used to monitor and quantify various aspects of plant performance under drought stress, including water use efficiency, drought avoidance, and drought tolerance. By correlating these phenotypic data with genomic information, you can identify the genes or markers related to drought tolerance and use them to enhance your breeding programs.

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Ubong Fred

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Canopy temperature depression (CTD)?is a good technique used for field phenotyping of crop plants under stress environments, especially droughts. Canopy temperature and CTD are considered as good indicators of yield and transpiration rate under drought conditions.Typical examples of plant that breeders can understudy are the C3 and the C4 plant like the cactus that has the ability to withstand drought. Drought tolerance through conventional breeding has been achieved in different cereals like wheat, rice and maize. However, the breeding approaches for improving crop productivity under drought stress situations are laborious and time consuming as it requires careful management under field conditions

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3 What are some examples of plant phenotyping for drought tolerance?

Plant phenotyping for drought tolerance can be done at different scales, from the laboratory to the field, depending on the type of trait and the level of precision you need. For instance, infrared thermography uses infrared cameras to measure the leaf temperature of plants, which indicates their transpiration rate and water status. Similarly, spectral reflectance uses optical sensors to measure the reflectance of light from plant leaves, which reflects their chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity. Additionally, root phenotyping employs various methods, such as imaging, scanning, or modeling, to measure the root architecture and function of plants, which affects their water and nutrient uptake. All these techniques help identify plants that are more drought tolerant as they can regulate their stomatal closure, maintain their photosynthesis and carbon assimilation, explore more soil volume and access more water resources.

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4 What are the benefits of plant phenotyping for drought tolerance?

Plant phenotyping for drought tolerance can offer a number of advantages for plant breeders and farmers. It can speed up and improve the accuracy of selecting drought-tolerant varieties, reducing the time and cost of breeding cycles and increasing the genetic gain. Additionally, it can provide a better understanding of the mechanisms and interactions of drought tolerance, enabling the design of more effective and targeted breeding strategies and interventions. Furthermore, it can provide a more reliable and robust evaluation of drought tolerance, lessening the variability and uncertainty of field trials and environmental conditions. Lastly, it can generate more diverse and adaptable germplasm, thus enhancing the resilience and productivity of crops under changing climates and water scenarios.

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5 What are the challenges of plant phenotyping for drought tolerance?

Plant phenotyping for drought tolerance presents several challenges, such as the complexity and variability of drought tolerance, the cost and difficulty of phenotyping technologies, the demand and scarcity of data analysis and interpretation skills, and the ethical and social implications of phenotyping practices. These issues make it difficult to capture the full spectrum and dynamics of drought tolerance, limit the accessibility and scalability of phenotyping technologies for large-scale and field-based applications, impede the integration and utilization of phenotypic and genomic data for breeding purposes, as well as raise questions about the ownership, sharing, and use of data and resources for the benefit of all stakeholders.

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Pedro Fidalgo de Almeida

Tomato Breeder
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besides all those challenges listed, there is one other challenge that one needs to keep in mind. Not all phenotypic data gathered from experiments performed in the lab will live up to the expectations when the selected germplasm is tested in field conditions. This can be partially explained by the complexity of abiotic stresses. In a field situation, drought comes often together with high temperatures. Salinity is observed often as well. although some of the responses of the plants to these stresses are, to a certain extend, similar, they can result in a different performance in a field trial in comparison to a lab experiment.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can plant phenotyping help you identify drought-tolerant crops?

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1 What is plant phenotyping?

2 How can plant phenotyping help you identify drought-tolerant crops?

3 What are some examples of plant phenotyping for drought tolerance?

4 What are the benefits of plant phenotyping for drought tolerance?

5 What are the challenges of plant phenotyping for drought tolerance?

6 Here’s what else to consider

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