Last updated on 2024年5月24日

How can DDR practitioners collaborate with local women's groups and civil society actors in peacebuilding?

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Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is a key component of peacebuilding, but it often overlooks the needs and roles of women and civil society actors. How can DDR practitioners collaborate with local women's groups and civil society actors to make their interventions more inclusive, effective and sustainable? Here are some tips and examples to inspire you.

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1 Assess the context

Before designing and implementing any DDR program, you need to understand the context and the dynamics of the conflict, the peace process and the post-conflict situation. This includes identifying the different stakeholders, their interests, needs, capacities and challenges. You also need to consult with local women's groups and civil society actors, who have valuable insights, experiences and perspectives on the causes and consequences of violence, the needs and aspirations of the affected communities, and the potential sources of resilience and reconciliation.

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Maya Alexis Mele

Candidate for BA in International Affairs, Political Science | UN Geneva Research Fellow | World Vision Humanitarian and Advocacy Consultant | UN-NGO Migration Committee | Bahá’í International Community UN Office |
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Before developing or carrying out any form of a DDR program, you must begin by analyzing the region's cultural, social, political, patriarchal, and economic dimensions. You must also examine the perspectives, thoughts, and insights of numerous stakeholders, such as the voices of local communities and civil society organizations, who have immense knowledge of the issues occurring around the region.

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Deborah A.
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In the context of the female Foreign Terrorist Fighters of the Islamic State (IS) and its affiliate groups, Abby Holt (2017) proposes that States should employ gender-neutral measures to combat FTFs, both for legal concerns about discrimination and for policy reasons. Additionally, States that choose alternative means in dealing with FTFs, such as DDR, should not reinforce gender stereotypes in these valuable programs. For example, Columbia’s DDR programs became more attractive when they switched from offering former female rebels training in exclusively traditional women’s roles, such as homemaking, to offering training in a variety of fields that were not inspired by traditional female roles.

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2 Adopt a gender-sensitive approach

A gender-sensitive approach means recognizing and addressing the different impacts, needs and roles of women, men, girls and boys in DDR processes. It also means ensuring that women's rights, voices and participation are respected and promoted throughout the program cycle. You can adopt a gender-sensitive approach by conducting a gender analysis, applying gender-responsive criteria and indicators, ensuring gender balance and diversity in staff and beneficiaries, providing gender-sensitive services and support, and mainstreaming gender issues in policies and strategies.

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Maya Alexis Mele

Candidate for BA in International Affairs, Political Science | UN Geneva Research Fellow | World Vision Humanitarian and Advocacy Consultant | UN-NGO Migration Committee | Bahá’í International Community UN Office |
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A gender-sensitive approach is crucial within any DDR program. "Gender-sensitive approaches" may most concisely be defined as practices that ensure that both men's and women's concerns, desires, and perceptions are considered. A gender-sensitive approach allows for the inclusion of numerous perspectives and the promotion of gender equality, making it a powerful tool.

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3 Engage local women's groups and civil society actors as partners

Local women's groups and civil society actors are not just passive recipients or beneficiaries of DDR programs. They are active agents of change, who can contribute to the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of DDR interventions. They can also play crucial roles in facilitating dialogue, trust-building, reconciliation, social cohesion, security and development in their communities. You can engage them as partners by establishing regular communication and coordination mechanisms, providing capacity-building and empowerment opportunities, supporting their initiatives and networks, and creating spaces for dialogue and collaboration with other stakeholders.

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Maya Alexis Mele

Candidate for BA in International Affairs, Political Science | UN Geneva Research Fellow | World Vision Humanitarian and Advocacy Consultant | UN-NGO Migration Committee | Bahá’í International Community UN Office |
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Engaging local women's groups and civil society actors as partners within DDR programs is vital. Doing so allows for the amplification of these powerful voices and their valuable insights on policy development and peace, which should be greatly cherished as these voices are the ones who are most impacted by these issues.

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4 Learn from good practices and challenges

There are many examples of good practices and challenges in collaborating with local women's groups and civil society actors in DDR processes. You can learn from them by reviewing existing literature, case studies and evaluations, by exchanging experiences and lessons learned with other DDR practitioners and experts, and by documenting and sharing your own successes and failures. You can also join online platforms and communities of practice, such as the Inter-Agency Working Group on DDR (IAWG-DDR), the Global Network of Women Peacebuilders (GNWP), or the Peacebuilding Practitioner Network (PPN), where you can access resources, tools and guidance, and connect with peers and mentors.

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Machane Daniel I.

Contributing to Advancing the Humanitarian-Development-Environment Nexus through the United Nations System | Doctoral Candidate | Inspiring Hope and Building Trust
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To foster effective collaboration, DDR practitioners must cultivate an environment of mutual trust, respect, and open communication. They should listen, learn, and adapt their approaches based on insights from local women's groups and civil society actors while addressing power imbalances and ensuring meaningful participation. Their unique perspectives, needs, and concerns should be adequately reflected in program design. DDR programs must be gender-responsive in planning and design to strengthen advocacy, leadership, and peacebuilding skills. By learning from good practices and challenges, joining CoP, and actively engaging with local actors, practitioners can contribute to more inclusive, effective, and sustainable peacebuilding efforts.

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5 Adapt to changing realities and needs

DDR processes are not static or linear. They are dynamic and complex, and they require constant adaptation and flexibility to respond to changing realities and needs. This means that you need to monitor and evaluate your interventions regularly, solicit feedback and input from local women's groups and civil society actors, identify gaps and opportunities, and adjust your plans and strategies accordingly. You also need to be prepared for potential risks and challenges, such as insecurity, political instability, resistance, backlash, or lack of resources, and develop contingency plans and mitigation measures.

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6 Celebrate achievements and acknowledge limitations

Collaborating with local women's groups and civil society actors in DDR processes can bring many benefits and positive outcomes, such as increased ownership, legitimacy, accountability, effectiveness and sustainability of DDR interventions. However, it can also entail some limitations and trade-offs, such as increased complexity, coordination costs, power imbalances, or unrealistic expectations. You need to celebrate your achievements and acknowledge your limitations, by recognizing the contributions and efforts of your partners, by highlighting the results and impacts of your collaboration, and by being honest and transparent about the challenges and limitations you face.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Deborah A.
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In summary, these components are essential: (1) Contextualization of understanding of the challenges, dynamics, and interdependent needs on the ground; (2) Customization and localization of programs for the national and local context; and (3) Individualization of interventions and rehabilitation efforts.

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How can DDR practitioners collaborate with local women's groups and civil society actors in peacebuilding?

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1 Assess the context

2 Adopt a gender-sensitive approach

3 Engage local women's groups and civil society actors as partners

4 Learn from good practices and challenges

5 Adapt to changing realities and needs

6 Celebrate achievements and acknowledge limitations

7 Here’s what else to consider

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