How can cognitive load theory improve your training programs?

1 What is cognitive load theory?

Cognitive load theory is based on the idea that our working memory has a limited capacity to handle new information. Working memory is the part of our brain that holds and manipulates information for a short time. It is essential for learning, problem-solving, and decision-making. However, if we overload our working memory with too much or irrelevant information, we can impair our learning and performance. Cognitive load theory distinguishes between three types of cognitive load: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane.

2 How does cognitive load affect learning?

Intrinsic cognitive load is the inherent difficulty of the content or task we are learning. It depends on our prior knowledge, skills, and motivation. For example, learning a new language or a complex concept has a high intrinsic load. We cannot reduce intrinsic load, but we can adjust it to the level of our learners by providing appropriate scaffolding and feedback.

Extraneous cognitive load is the unnecessary or irrelevant information or distractions that interfere with our learning. It depends on how the content or task is presented and organized. For example, poorly designed slides, unclear instructions, or noisy environments have a high extraneous load. We can reduce extraneous load by simplifying and clarifying our training materials and methods.

Germane cognitive load is the beneficial and productive information or activities that enhance our learning. It depends on how we engage and process the content or task. For example, using examples, analogies, or practice exercises have a high germane load. We can increase germane load by stimulating and facilitating our learners' cognitive processes.

3 How can you apply cognitive load theory to your training programs?

Cognitive load theory can be used to optimize the balance between the three types of cognitive load in order to improve training programs. To maximize germane load, minimize extraneous load, and match intrinsic load to your learners' needs and abilities, you can use clear and concise language and visuals to convey key messages and break down complex or lengthy content or tasks into smaller chunks. Additionally, providing relevant examples, analogies, or scenarios that appeal to different learning preferences and avoiding splitting attention between multiple sources of information can help. You should also offer frequent feedback and guidance, encourage active participation and interaction with the content or tasks, and challenge learners to use higher-order thinking skills. By applying cognitive load theory in this way, you can enhance learning outcomes and satisfaction while reducing your own cognitive load as a trainer.

4 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?