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How can agile principles help you develop better system architecture?

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System architecture is the design and structure of a complex software system, which defines its components, interactions, and requirements. Developing a good system architecture can be challenging, especially in dynamic and uncertain environments. How can agile principles help you develop better system architecture? In this article, you will learn how to apply some of the core values and practices of agile methodology to improve your system architecture process and outcomes.

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Ervin Varga

Solutions Architect | Software Engineering Consultant | Associate Professor

1 Agile values

Agile methodology is based on four values that guide the development of software systems: individuals and interactions over processes and tools, working software over comprehensive documentation, customer collaboration over contract negotiation, and responding to change over following a plan. These values emphasize flexibility, feedback, and collaboration, which can help you design system architecture that meets the needs of your stakeholders, adapts to changing requirements, and delivers value quickly and continuously.

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USS Uppuluri *

CMD of Edvenswa Enterprises Limited, Entrepreneur
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Agile principles foster adaptable system architecture through iterative development, ensuring early alignment with real needs. Feedback loops, via Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Deployment (CD), highlight architectural strengths and weaknesses swiftly. Collaboration promotes holistic decisions, with cross-functional teams jointly shaping the architecture. Embracing simplicity, agile avoids over-engineering, favoring efficient and necessary solutions. Regular user feedback ensures the architecture genuinely addresses user requirements. By tackling risks early in sprints, agile manages potential architectural pitfalls, leading to resilient, user-centric systems.

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2 Agile practices

Agile methodology involves several practices that can enhance your system architecture process, such as iterative and incremental development, refactoring, test-driven development (TDD), and continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD). Iterative and incremental development breaks down the system architecture into smaller and manageable chunks, allowing you to test and validate assumptions. Refactoring simplifies, optimizes, and reorganizes the system architecture, while TDD helps define its expected behavior and specifications. CI/CD automates the testing, building, and deployment of the system architecture to reduce errors, bugs, and risks.

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3 Agile architecture patterns

Agile architecture patterns are reusable solutions that address common problems and challenges in system architecture design. For example, microservices allow you to decompose your system architecture into small, independent, and loosely coupled services that communicate through well-defined interfaces. This allows for development, deployment, and scaling of each service independently, as well as handling changes and failures more gracefully. Event-driven architecture is a pattern where events are produced, detected, and consumed to decouple system components and enable asynchronous, reactive, and scalable interactions. Additionally, domain-driven design (DDD) models your system architecture based on the domain and the business logic of your problem, rather than the technical details. This enables alignment of your system architecture with the needs and expectations of your stakeholders and creates a common language among your team.

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4 Agile architecture principles

Agile architecture principles are guidelines that help you make decisions and trade-offs in your system architecture design. For example, simplicity encourages you to select the simplest and most effective solution that meets your current needs and goals, while evolutionary design allows your system to evolve and adapt to changing requirements. Emergent principles help you discover and reveal your system architecture as you develop it, rather than defining it upfront. These principles can help reduce costs, risks, and errors while increasing clarity, maintainability, and performance. They also allow you to deliver value faster and more frequently, learn from experience, feedback, and experimentation, and create a system architecture that fits the reality of your problem.

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Ervin Varga

Solutions Architect | Software Engineering Consultant | Associate Professor
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Simplicity is one of the most misapplied agile principles. To know what is simple you must invest enough upfront architecture design work, which is tightly related to proper requirements engineering. Without knowing the exact scope of a future system and the concomitant vectors of changes "simplicity" will backfire. A telltale sign is numerous iterations without essential progress, due to never-ending changes in requirements causing "expansions" of the current solution. This is exactly what Einstein meant by "Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler." The same applies to documentation. It should be kept minimalistic up to the point of being able to reverse engineer from it all design decisions not visible from code.

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5 Agile architecture benefits

Applying agile principles to your system architecture can bring you many advantages, such as improved quality through TDD, refactoring, and CI/CD. These practices can help you meet quality standards and avoid defects. Additionally, agile values like flexibility and collaboration can make your architecture more agile and adaptive to changing requirements. Furthermore, values such as individuals and interactions, customer collaboration, and common language can boost the collaboration among team members, stakeholders, and customers. This will ensure that the system architecture meets their needs and expectations.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can agile principles help you develop better system architecture?

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1 Agile values

2 Agile practices

3 Agile architecture patterns

4 Agile architecture principles

5 Agile architecture benefits

6 Here’s what else to consider

System Architecture

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How can agile principles help you develop better system architecture?

1

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5

6

1 Agile values

2 Agile practices

3 Agile architecture patterns

4 Agile architecture principles

5 Agile architecture benefits

6 Here’s what else to consider

System Architecture

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