The answer for every engineer is always yes. There is always an optimal solution that balances the pros and cons of the index functions. In my observations of Industry 4.0, time is the most critical factor in chemical processes, but cost efficiency is also vital. Every process control engineer learns to manage time-related errors using ITAE criteria while also minimizing fluctuations. I've seen chemical companies sacrifice time for cost efficiency, only to lose market share by missing crucial opportunities. In my view, there is no universal solution to all problems; rather, the answers depend on the interplay among the affected indexes.

- Analyze the process to identify areas for cost reduction. - Prioritize high-impact, time-sensitive tasks. - Implement lean methods to minimize waste and maximize output. - Use data-driven decision-making to balance speed with cost. - Regularly monitor performance to adjust as needed.