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You need to acquire seismic data. How do you choose the best equipment?

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Seismic data is essential for oil and gas exploration, as it helps to locate and characterize potential reservoirs. However, acquiring seismic data is not a simple task, as it involves various equipment, methods, and challenges. How do you choose the best equipment for your seismic survey? Here are some factors to consider.

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Mohammad Farshidnasab

Senior Market Development Consultant at Whale-Teed Company
Leonardo Tomás Cardillo

Reparación & Mantenimiento Electrónico, Eléctrico y Electromecánico
Filipe Motta Mendes

Subsea Engineer na SUBC Engineering, técnico de opera??es submarinas, técnico de BOP, técnico BOP-X, Well control

1 Survey type

The first step is to define the type of survey you need, based on your objectives, budget, and environment. There are two main types of seismic surveys: reflection and refraction. Reflection surveys use sound waves that bounce off the subsurface layers and are recorded by receivers on the surface or in the water. Refraction surveys use sound waves that bend as they travel through different layers and are recorded by receivers along a line. Reflection surveys are more common and provide more detailed information, but they require more equipment and processing. Refraction surveys are simpler and cheaper, but they only provide information about the shallow layers.

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Leonardo Tomás Cardillo

Reparación & Mantenimiento Electrónico, Eléctrico y Electromecánico
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Selecting seismic equipment involves considering factors like resolution, depth, and environment. Choose based on project scope, desired resolution, and budget. Assess features like sensor type (geophones or accelerometers), channel count, frequency range, and data acquisition rate. Consider portability, power efficiency, and compatibility with software. Prioritize reliable brands with good support and consider renting to mitigate costs for short-term projects.

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Filipe Motta Mendes

Subsea Engineer na SUBC Engineering, técnico de opera??es submarinas, técnico de BOP, técnico BOP-X, Well control
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We know that oil drilling is very complex and requires a very high budget before a new well can be put into operation. Many people don't even imagine that we use seismic as an initial research with the aim of analyzing the soil layers beneath the sea! professionals in this area are as important as those who drill, those who test and those who produce, it is a subject so rich in information that it is difficult to talk about it in just a few words.

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2 Source and receiver

The next step is to choose the source and receiver that generate and capture the sound waves. The source can be an explosive device, a vibrator, an air gun, or a hammer, depending on the terrain and the frequency range. The receiver can be a geophone, a hydrophone, or a streamer, depending on the medium and the sensitivity. The source and receiver should be compatible and suitable for the survey type and the target depth. For example, if you want to image deep structures, you need a source that produces low-frequency waves and a receiver that can detect them.

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Samad Mulla

Trainee Petroleum Engineer | Quest Global | Unlocking the Future of Subsea Engineering, Production Optimization, and Artificial Lift Technologies | Strategic Innovator and Problem Solver
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Choose tools for underground exploration. geophones for normal, accelerometers for tricky spots. Low frequency for deep, high for shallow. Pick a recording system with enough channels. Go for what suits your project best.

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3 Acquisition geometry

The third step is to design the acquisition geometry, which is the arrangement and spacing of the source and receiver points. The acquisition geometry affects the quality and resolution of the seismic data, as well as the cost and time of the survey. The acquisition geometry depends on the survey type, the target size and shape, the subsurface complexity, and the noise level. For example, if you want to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, you need to increase the number and density of the source and receiver points.

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Mohammad Farshidnasab

Senior Market Development Consultant at Whale-Teed Company
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Acquisition geometry is the essential part which should be taken into account, mostly the acquisition geometry will be chosen on the basis of Field tests in which we can determine the types of seismic acquisition geometry and also the shot pattern and amount of explosive (in onshore operations) will be determined. Naturally, to get rid of ground roll and air waves noises is very important

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4 Processing and interpretation

The final step is to process and interpret the seismic data, which is the transformation and analysis of the raw signals into meaningful images and models. The processing and interpretation require specialized software and hardware, as well as skilled personnel. The processing and interpretation involve various steps, such as filtering, deconvolution, migration, inversion, and attribute analysis. The processing and interpretation should be tailored to the survey type, the equipment, and the objectives. For example, if you want to enhance the resolution and contrast of the seismic images, you need to apply advanced processing and interpretation techniques.

Choosing the best equipment for your seismic survey is not a one-size-fits-all solution. It requires careful planning, evaluation, and optimization, based on your specific needs and conditions. By considering these factors, you can improve the efficiency and accuracy of your seismic data acquisition.

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Yahya Al-Ahmad

Reservoir Engineer in Abu Dhabi ????????
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Choosing the best equipment for your seismic survey is not a one-size-fits-all solution. It requires careful planning, evaluation, and optimization, based on your specific needs and conditions. By considering these factors, you can improve the efficiency and accuracy of your seismic data acquisition.

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5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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You need to acquire seismic data. How do you choose the best equipment?

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3

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1 Survey type

2 Source and receiver

3 Acquisition geometry

4 Processing and interpretation

5 Here’s what else to consider

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