When is purposive sampling the best choice for qualitative research?

1 What is purposive sampling?

Purposive sampling is a non-probability sampling method that involves selecting participants based on the researcher's judgment and the purpose of the study. Unlike probability sampling, which aims to achieve a representative and generalizable sample of a population, purposive sampling focuses on the depth and richness of the data from a specific group or phenomenon. Purposive sampling allows the researcher to choose participants who can provide relevant and meaningful insights into the research question and objectives.

2 What are the advantages of purposive sampling?

Purposive sampling has several advantages for qualitative research, such as its flexibility and adaptability to different research contexts and designs. This type of sampling is also efficient and cost-effective, as it requires fewer participants and resources than probability sampling. Furthermore, it is suitable for exploring complex and sensitive topics, as it enables the researcher to establish rapport and trust with the participants. Additionally, purposive sampling is useful for generating new ideas and hypotheses, as it allows the researcher to discover diverse and unexpected perspectives and experiences.

3 What are the disadvantages of purposive sampling?

Purposive sampling for qualitative research has some limitations and challenges that should be taken into consideration. Due to its reliance on the researcher's judgment and criteria for selecting participants, it is prone to bias and subjectivity. Additionally, it is difficult to justify and evaluate, as it lacks clear and transparent rules and procedures for sampling. Furthermore, purposive sampling is not representative or generalizable, as it does not reflect the characteristics and variability of the population. Lastly, it may involve excluding or marginalizing some groups or individuals, making it vulnerable to ethical issues.

4 What are some criteria for purposive sampling?

In purposive sampling, the researcher needs to define and apply criteria for selecting participants that are relevant to the research question and objectives. Relevance, diversity, accessibility, and credibility are all important criteria to consider when selecting participants. Specifically, they should have direct and significant experience or knowledge of the topic or phenomenon under study, reflect the range of perspectives and experiences within the topic or phenomenon, be available and willing to participate in data collection and analysis, and be reliable and trustworthy sources of information.

5 What are some techniques for purposive sampling?

Purposive sampling is a technique that can be used in research depending on the design and purpose. Homogeneous sampling, for example, involves selecting participants who share similar characteristics or backgrounds, such as age, gender, occupation, or education. Alternatively, heterogeneous sampling involves selecting participants who have different characteristics or backgrounds. Extreme or deviant case sampling is another technique that involves selecting participants with unusual or exceptional experiences or perspectives. Typical case sampling involves selecting participants who have typical or average experiences or perspectives to illustrate the common features and patterns of the topic under study. Finally, snowball sampling involves selecting initial participants who can identify and recruit other potential participants to access hard-to-reach populations.

6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?