What are some of the latest trends and innovations in network visualization techniques?

1 Network visualization basics

Network visualization is the process of representing a network graphically, such as through a node-link diagram, matrix, or map. Networks are collections of entities (nodes) and their relationships (links), for example, friends on Facebook, co-authors in a scientific field, or trade partners in a global market. The choice of network visualization technique depends on the type and size of the network, the attributes of nodes and links, and the questions needing answers or communication. Common techniques include node-link diagrams, which are good for showing overall structure and degree of connectivity, but can become cluttered with large or dense networks; matrices, which are good for showing adjacency and similarity between nodes but may lose some spatial context; and maps, which are good for showing geographic distribution and reach but may be affected by projection and distortion issues.

2 Dynamic network visualization

Network visualization is a challenge when dealing with networks that change over time. Dynamic networks are networks with nodes and links that come and go, or change attributes. An example is a dynamic network of political alliances, disease transmission, or online activity. Dynamic network visualization is the process of representing such networks as graphical objects that change over time, such as an animation, timeline, or sequence. This can help to understand how the network evolves and how events or interventions affect structure and performance. Techniques used for dynamic network visualization include animation, timeline, and sequence. Animation can create an engaging impression of network dynamics but can be cognitively demanding. Timeline provides a more structured and sequential view but can be space-consuming. Sequence offers a focused and concise view but can be incomplete when the network has multiple attributes.

3 Multilayer network visualization

Network visualization presents a challenge when dealing with networks that have multiple types or levels of nodes or links, known as multilayer networks. Examples of these networks include social media users, transportation modes, and brain regions. Multilayer network visualization is the process of representing a multilayer network graphically to show the diversity and complexity of nodes and links. This can be done with a stacked diagram, multiplex diagram, or hierarchical diagram. Stacked diagrams provide an integrated view of multilayer networks, but can be confusing due to overlapping layers. Multiplex diagrams offer a simple view of multilayer networks but can be ambiguous due to similar link types or colors. Hierarchical diagrams provide an organized view of multilayer networks, but can be rigid due to different node sizes or shapes. Multilayer network visualization can help you understand how different types or levels of nodes and links interact, how they affect network structure and function, and reveal hidden or emergent properties of the network.

4 Interactive network visualization

A final challenge of network visualization is how to make it more accessible and engaging for users. Interactive network visualization is a process of adding features or functions to a network visualization that allow users to manipulate, explore, or annotate the network. For example, zooming can help users focus on specific parts or aspects of the network, while filtering can help reduce the noise or complexity. Highlighting can be used to emphasize or distinguish nodes or links, and commenting can be used to add or edit text or images. These techniques can help customize and personalize your network visualization, enhance your analysis and interpretation, and facilitate communication and collaboration with others.