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What are some examples of instructional scaffolding to support diverse learners?

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Instructional scaffolding is a teaching strategy that provides learners with temporary and gradual support to achieve a learning goal. It is based on the idea that learners can master complex tasks with the help of more knowledgeable others, such as teachers, peers, or experts. Instructional scaffolding can be especially beneficial for diverse learners, who may have different backgrounds, abilities, interests, and needs. In this article, we will explore some examples of instructional scaffolding to support diverse learners in different contexts and domains.

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Bhushan Jayaram

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1 Zone of proximal development

One of the key concepts behind instructional scaffolding is the zone of proximal development (ZPD), which was coined by the psychologist Lev Vygotsky. The ZPD is the gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can do with guidance and assistance. Instructional scaffolding aims to bridge this gap by providing the right amount and type of support for each learner, depending on their current level of understanding and skill. The support should be gradually faded as the learner becomes more confident and competent, until they can perform the task on their own.

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Bhushan Jayaram

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Instructional scaffolding examples include providing clear learning objectives, breaking tasks into manageable steps, and offering varied instructional materials to accommodate different learning styles. Use graphic organizers, visuals, or multimedia resources to support comprehension. You can offer prompts, cues, or modeling to guide learners through complex tasks. Provide opportunities for peer collaboration or peer tutoring to reinforce learning. Adjust the level of support based on learners' needs, gradually fading scaffolds as they gain proficiency. Encourage self-monitoring and reflection to promote independent learning.

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2 Types of scaffolding

Instructional scaffolding is a teaching technique that takes various forms, based on the learning objectives, content, and context. Cognitive scaffolding involves providing learners with strategies, models, prompts, hints, feedback, or questions to aid their thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving. Metacognitive scaffolding involves helping learners plan, monitor, and evaluate their own learning processes and outcomes. Motivational scaffolding involves fostering learner interest, engagement, and self-efficacy in the learning task. Lastly, social scaffolding facilitates learner interaction and collaboration with others who can provide support, feedback, or challenge. Examples include using graphic organizers to help students organize their writing ideas and cooperative learning groups to promote peer learning.

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3 Examples of scaffolding

Instructional scaffolding can be applied to various domains and contexts, such as literacy, numeracy, science, art, music, or sports. For example, a teacher can use a shared reading strategy to scaffold students' comprehension and fluency in literacy. In numeracy, a tutor can use a concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) sequence to scaffold students' understanding and application of math concepts. For science, a researcher can use a guided inquiry approach to scaffold students' scientific inquiry skills. An artist can use a modeling-demonstrating-coaching strategy to scaffold students' artistic expression and technique in art. A musician can use a call-and-response method to scaffold students' musical skills and creativity in music. And in sports, a coach can use a part-whole-part strategy to scaffold students' motor skills and tactics. All of these strategies help support diverse learners in different situations.

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4 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are some examples of instructional scaffolding to support diverse learners?

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1 Zone of proximal development

2 Types of scaffolding

3 Examples of scaffolding

4 Here’s what else to consider

Instruction

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