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What are some of the emerging trends and technologies in malware analysis tools?

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Malware analysis is the process of examining malicious software to understand its behavior, functionality, origin, and impact. It is a vital skill for cybersecurity professionals, researchers, and enthusiasts who want to protect systems and networks from cyberattacks. However, malware analysis is also a challenging and dynamic field, as malware authors constantly evolve their techniques and tools to evade detection and analysis. In this article, we will explore some of the emerging trends and technologies in malware analysis tools that aim to enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and scalability of malware analysis.

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Filipi Pires

Head of Identity Threat Labs & Global Product Advocate at senhasegura | Red Team Village Director | Snyk Ambassador |…

1 Dynamic analysis tools

Dynamic analysis tools execute malware samples in a controlled environment, such as a virtual machine or a sandbox, and monitor their runtime behavior, such as network traffic, file system changes, registry modifications, and system calls. These tools can provide valuable insights into the malware's functionality and impact, but they also have some limitations like malware evasion techniques, resource consumption, and false positives. Emerging technologies in dynamic analysis tools include hybrid analysis tools that combine static and dynamic analysis techniques to create a more comprehensive view of the malware, cloud-based analysis tools that leverage the scalability and flexibility of cloud computing for large-scale and parallel analysis of samples, and machine learning and artificial intelligence tools that use data-driven and automated methods to classify, cluster, and correlate malware based on their behavioral features.

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Filipi Pires

Head of Identity Threat Labs & Global Product Advocate at senhasegura | Red Team Village Director | Snyk Ambassador | Speaker | Writer
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In today's scenario, there is a need for a more advanced and in-depth analysis of malware. It is necessary to create a threat intelligence environment for lerning, starting with the knowledge of known malware and then progressing to work on understanding unknown malware. We have observed that many malware instances come with evasion techniques against sandboxes, "sleeping technique" is an example that many threats have employed to bypass detection tools. Therefore, working in a hybrid manner with machine learning modeling can be a path to gain intelligence against new threats, especially those based on IOAs (Indicators of Attack).

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Dario Nisi

Computer security researcher
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Dynamic analysis tools have suffered from what is known as "sandbox evasion." This phenomenon -- which was already largely documented in the late 2000s -- consists of malware capable of detecting whether the system on which they run is a genuine target or an analysis system. In the latter case, the malware would hide its malicious intents (split personality behavior). An emerging research topic is the design of evasion-resistant malware sandboxes that actively defuse any known "evasion techniques" and achieve better behavioral coverage than traditional sandboxes. I was involved in developing one such sandbox for Android [1]. [1] Ruggia, et al. "Unmasking the Veiled: A Comprehensive Analysis of Android Evasive Malware." ASIAACS 2024

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2 Static analysis tools

Static analysis tools examine the code or structure of malware samples without executing them, such as by disassembling, decompiling, or unpacking them. This type of analysis can provide useful information about the malware's origin, purpose, and functionality. However, static analysis tools face various challenges, such as obfuscation, encryption, and polymorphism. Emerging technologies in static analysis tools include symbolic execution tools that use mathematical logic and reasoning to explore all possible paths and outcomes of a malware sample without running it; binary similarity analysis tools that use hashing, graph matching, or deep learning to measure the similarity or difference between malware samples based on their code or structure; and malware deobfuscation tools that use code slicing, taint analysis, or reverse engineering to remove or reveal the obfuscation or encryption layers of malware samples.

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Filipi Pires

Head of Identity Threat Labs & Global Product Advocate at senhasegura | Red Team Village Director | Snyk Ambassador | Speaker | Writer
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These tools help security researchers and analysts examine the characteristics of malware without executing it, you should start to look for the strings command to investigate some information such as librarys, DLLs, Imports, exports, URL, encodes in other things, after that you can uso other tools such as: DIE ou PEiD, used to identify various types of executable files, including those that may be associated with malware and PEStudio that performs static analysis on executable files, providing details about the file's characteristics, including potential indicators of malicious behavior.

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3 Threat intelligence tools

Threat intelligence tools are used to collect, analyze, and share information about malware threats, such as indicators of compromise, attack vectors, attribution, and mitigation strategies. This helps malware analysts gain insight into the context, scope, and impact of malware campaigns. Emerging technologies in threat intelligence tools include open source intelligence tools that use publicly available sources to gather information about malware threats, threat hunting tools that use proactive methods to search for malicious activities or anomalies in systems or networks, and threat sharing platforms that use standardized formats or protocols to exchange and distribute threat intelligence.

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Filipi Pires

Head of Identity Threat Labs & Global Product Advocate at senhasegura | Red Team Village Director | Snyk Ambassador | Speaker | Writer
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If you are looking for Threat Intelligence tools specifically designed for analyzing and understanding malware, there are several tools available that cater to this specific domain, you can try create your own environment using some Sandbox such as: Cuckoo Sandbox is primarily known for dynamic analysis, it can also be used for static analysis by examining file metadata, strings, and other static indicators before executing the malware in a controlled environment, or online sandbox as JoeSandbox or app.anyrun, other recommendation would be to create some honeypot to collect IOCs and IOAs and you can use MISP - Malware Information Sharing Platform!.

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4 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Filipi Pires

Head of Identity Threat Labs & Global Product Advocate at senhasegura | Red Team Village Director | Snyk Ambassador | Speaker | Writer
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When conducting malware analysis, it's common for analysts to use a combination of static and dynamic analysis tools to gain a comprehensive understanding of the malware's characteristics and behavior. Additionally, it's important to stay up-to-date with the latest tools and techniques in the ever-evolving field of malware analysis.

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What are some of the emerging trends and technologies in malware analysis tools?

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1 Dynamic analysis tools

2 Static analysis tools

3 Threat intelligence tools

4 Here’s what else to consider

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