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What are some data-driven techniques journalists can use to improve their reporting?

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Data-driven journalism is the practice of using data sources, analysis, and visualization to enhance storytelling and inform audiences. It can help journalists find new angles, verify facts, and communicate complex issues more effectively. In this article, we will explore some data-driven techniques journalists can use to improve their reporting, whether they are beginners or experts.

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1 Find and evaluate data sources

One of the first steps in data-driven journalism is to find and evaluate data sources that are relevant, reliable, and accurate. Data sources can be public, such as government databases, reports, and surveys, or private, such as company records, social media platforms, and web analytics. Journalists should always check the origin, methodology, and quality of the data sources they use, and cite them properly in their stories. They should also be aware of the limitations, biases, and ethical implications of the data they collect and analyze.

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Horacio K.

Institutional communication strategies. Private and government institutions and companies.
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The process of data collection and analysis is very important: Conduct surveys and interviews to collect data directly from people. Use publicly available data sets from government agencies, NGOs or other reputable sources. Use FOIA (Freedom of Information Act) requests to obtain government documents and data. The accuracy and reliability of the data collected by cleaning and validating it is essential. Address any inconsistencies or errors in the data set. Learn to create effective and attractive visual forms (charts, graphs, maps) that facilitate access to the information contained. Learn how to use Excel and other tools available, many for free. This includes maps interactive that facilitate access and attract audiences.

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2 Clean and organize data

Once journalists have obtained data from various sources, they need to clean and organize it to make it easier to work with. Cleaning data involves removing errors, duplicates, missing values, and outliers that can affect the analysis and visualization. Organizing data involves sorting, filtering, grouping, and aggregating data to highlight the most relevant and meaningful information. Journalists can use tools such as Excel, Google Sheets, OpenRefine, and R to perform these tasks.

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Horacio K.

Institutional communication strategies. Private and government institutions and companies.
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Excel is a powerful tool for organizing and analyzing data. Journalists can use it to sort, filter and structure data, making it easier to identify patterns and trends. Excel provides functions to clean data, remove duplicates, and validate information. Formulas and functions in Excel help automate repetitive calculations, saving time and reducing errors. Excel allows the creation of charts and graphs, which are essential for visualizing data. Visualization can improve the clarity and impact of news stories. Journalists can perform basic statistical analysis using functions such as AVERAGE, COUNT, and SUM. This helps summarize data and draw meaningful conclusions.

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3 Analyze and interpret data

The next step in data-driven journalism is to analyze and interpret data to find patterns, trends, correlations, and anomalies that can support or challenge a story idea. Data analysis can be descriptive, exploratory, inferential, or predictive, depending on the goal and the type of data. Data interpretation involves explaining the meaning and significance of the data analysis results, and putting them in context with other sources and perspectives. Journalists can use tools such as Tableau, Power BI, Python, and SQL to conduct data analysis and interpretation.

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Horacio K.

Institutional communication strategies. Private and government institutions and companies.
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Create charts, graphs, and other visualizations to represent data in a more accessible and understandable format. Tools like Excel, Google Sheets, or dedicated visualization tools like Tableau can be helpful. Analyze data over time to identify trends, seasonalities, or cycles. Time series charts and moving averages can help visualize patterns. Use correlation coefficients to quantify the relationship between two variables. Note that correlation does not imply causation, but it can identify potential connections. Perform regression analysis to understand the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. This can help predict outcomes based on historical data.

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4 Visualize and present data

The final step in data-driven journalism is to visualize and present data to convey the main message and insights of the story in an engaging and accessible way. Data visualization can take various forms, such as charts, maps, graphs, tables, dashboards, and interactive elements. Data presentation involves choosing the best format, layout, color, and style for the data visualization, and adding captions, annotations, and headlines to guide the audience. Journalists can use tools such as Flourish, Datawrapper, Infogram, and Canva to create data visualizations and presentations.

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Tarcísio Lima

Temporariamente offline
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A minha experiência indica que o uso do Flourish, ou outras ferramentas similares, para a cria??o de gráficos dinamicos e interativos é uma boa alternativa para o uso de dados de forma mais atrativa para o público. Eles auxiliam n?o só a capta??o da aten??o do público, como também uma maior intera??o e engajamento com os conteúdos.

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5 Learn and improve data skills

Data-driven journalism is a dynamic and evolving field that requires journalists to learn and improve their data skills constantly. Journalists can benefit from taking online courses, reading books and blogs, attending webinars and workshops, and joining communities and networks that focus on data journalism. They can also seek feedback, collaboration, and mentorship from other data journalists and experts, and apply best practices and standards to their work.

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6 Experiment and innovate with data

Data-driven journalism offers journalists the opportunity to experiment and innovate with data in different ways. Journalists can use data to tell stories that would otherwise be hidden, overlooked, or ignored, and to address issues that matter to their audiences and society. They can also use data to create new formats, platforms, and genres of journalism, such as data art, data comics, data games, and data podcasts. They can also use data to engage and empower their audiences, such as by inviting them to contribute, explore, or remix data.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are some data-driven techniques journalists can use to improve their reporting?

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1 Find and evaluate data sources

2 Clean and organize data

3 Analyze and interpret data

4 Visualize and present data

5 Learn and improve data skills

6 Experiment and innovate with data

7 Here’s what else to consider

Journalism

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