What are some common BIOS and firmware issues, and how can you fix them?

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If you have ever encountered a problem with your computer that prevents it from booting up, you might have a BIOS or firmware issue. BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System, and it is a software program that controls how your computer communicates with its hardware components. Firmware is a type of software that is embedded in specific hardware devices, such as your hard drive, motherboard, or graphics card. Both BIOS and firmware can affect your computer's performance, stability, and security, so it is important to know how to identify and fix some common issues related to them. In this article, we will cover some of the most common BIOS and firmware issues, and how you can fix them using simple tools and methods.

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Adjust the boot order:

When devices are in the wrong booting sequence, it can cause errors. By entering BIOS setup and prioritizing your hard drive as the primary boot device, you sidestep issues like your system attempting to launch from a non-bootable USB.
Restore default BIOS settings:

If you're facing system instability or errors, resetting BIOS to factory settings can resolve conflicts. This is often done with a simple key press at startup or by removing the CMOS battery for a moment.

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1 BIOS Beep Codes

One of the first signs that you have a BIOS issue is when your computer emits a series of beeps when you try to turn it on. These beeps are called BIOS beep codes, and they are a way of telling you what kind of problem your computer has. Each beep code corresponds to a different hardware component or configuration error, such as memory, keyboard, video card, or power supply. To interpret the BIOS beep codes, you need to know the manufacturer and model of your motherboard, and look up the meaning of the codes on the manufacturer's website or manual. Once you know what the problem is, you can try to fix it by reseating, replacing, or adjusting the faulty hardware component.

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Hosni Mohamed

Google IT Professional Certified
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Sometimes, your BIOS settings can get messed up or mismatched with your hardware, making your system crash, freeze, or show errors. Don’t panic, you can easily restore your BIOS to its original state by pressing a button, entering a menu, or removing a battery. Other times, your system may not recognize a device that you plugged into your motherboard, or show you a device failure message. This could mean that the device is broken or not compatible with your system. You can try unplugging the device and booting normally, or updating the device software.

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2 BIOS Settings

Another common BIOS issue is when your computer does not recognize your hardware devices, such as your hard drive, optical drive, or USB ports. This can happen when your BIOS settings are incorrect, outdated, or corrupted. Your BIOS settings are stored in a small memory chip called CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor), which is powered by a battery on your motherboard. Sometimes, the battery can run out of power, or the CMOS can be affected by a virus, causing your BIOS settings to reset or change. To fix this issue, you need to access your BIOS setup menu by pressing a specific key (usually F2, F10, or Del) when you turn on your computer. Then, you can check and adjust your BIOS settings according to your hardware configuration and preferences. For example, you can set the boot order, enable or disable devices, change the date and time, and update the BIOS version.

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Daniel Pellegrino

Experienced IT Professional | CompTIA A+, N+
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The number one complaint is going to be a mainboard that is trying to boot off of a USB flash drive that is not bootable. The user will get an error message related to a non-bootable device and the system may hang, or reboot. Disabling USB boot (unless needed), or checking the boot order fixes this in no time. Most modern machines need little setup in the BIOS unless you need to enable or disable virtualization or other related settings. Most commercial UEFIs are fairly locked down and offer little customization beyond a few settings.

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3 Firmware Updates

Firmware updates are another common source of BIOS and firmware issues. Firmware updates are software patches that improve the functionality, compatibility, or security of your hardware devices. Sometimes, firmware updates can fix existing bugs or glitches, or add new features or support for newer hardware or software. However, firmware updates can also cause problems if they are not compatible with your BIOS version, hardware model, or operating system. Firmware updates can also fail or interrupt due to power outages, system crashes, or user errors, resulting in corrupted or incomplete firmware installation. To fix firmware update issues, you need to follow the instructions provided by the hardware manufacturer or vendor carefully. You also need to backup your data and ensure that your computer has a stable power supply and internet connection before performing a firmware update. If a firmware update fails or causes problems, you can try to revert to the previous firmware version, or contact the hardware manufacturer or vendor for support.

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4 BIOS Passwords

BIOS passwords are another type of BIOS issue that can prevent you from accessing or changing your BIOS settings. BIOS passwords are security features that require you to enter a password before you can enter the BIOS setup menu or boot your computer. BIOS passwords can protect your computer from unauthorized access or modification, but they can also cause problems if you forget or lose them. If you forget or lose your BIOS password, you might not be able to boot your computer, change your BIOS settings, or update your BIOS version. To fix BIOS password issues, you can try to use a default or master password provided by the motherboard manufacturer or vendor, or use a third-party software tool that can reset or bypass BIOS passwords. Alternatively, you can try to reset your BIOS password by removing the CMOS battery, or by using a jumper or switch on your motherboard that clears the CMOS memory.

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5 BIOS Viruses

BIOS viruses are a rare but serious type of BIOS issue that can compromise your computer's security and functionality. BIOS viruses are malicious software programs that infect your BIOS chip, and can alter your BIOS settings, damage your hardware devices, or steal your data. BIOS viruses are hard to detect and remove, because they can hide in the BIOS memory and survive regular antivirus scans or system reformatting. To fix BIOS virus issues, you need to use a specialized antivirus tool that can scan and clean your BIOS chip, or use a BIOS recovery tool that can restore your BIOS to its original state. You also need to update your BIOS version and firmware regularly, and avoid downloading or opening suspicious files or links that might contain BIOS viruses.

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Daniel Pellegrino

Experienced IT Professional | CompTIA A+, N+
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If something malicious has made it into the UEFI the mainboard should be scrapped. Some of them can now persist updates, and short of unsoldering the BIOS EEPROM and replacing it, the board should never be trusted again.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are some common BIOS and firmware issues, and how can you fix them?

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3

4

5

6

1 BIOS Beep Codes

2 BIOS Settings

3 Firmware Updates

4 BIOS Passwords

5 BIOS Viruses

6 Here’s what else to consider

Computer Repair

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What are some common BIOS and firmware issues, and how can you fix them?

1

2

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4

5

6

1 BIOS Beep Codes

2 BIOS Settings

3 Firmware Updates

4 BIOS Passwords

5 BIOS Viruses

6 Here’s what else to consider

Computer Repair

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