Last updated on 2024年7月18日

What are some of the challenges or limitations of using incident handling metrics and indicators?

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Incident handling is the process of identifying, analyzing, containing, eradicating, and recovering from security incidents that affect an organization's assets, operations, or reputation. To measure the effectiveness and efficiency of incident handling, organizations often use metrics and indicators that quantify various aspects of the process, such as the number, severity, duration, impact, and cost of incidents, as well as the response time, resources, and actions of the incident handling team. However, using incident handling metrics and indicators is not without challenges or limitations. In this article, we will explore some of the common issues that arise when defining, collecting, analyzing, and reporting incident handling metrics and indicators.

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1 Defining metrics and indicators

One of the first challenges of using incident handling metrics and indicators is to define them clearly and consistently. Different organizations may have different definitions of what constitutes an incident, how to classify its severity, how to measure its impact, and how to assign responsibility and accountability. Moreover, different stakeholders may have different expectations and perspectives on what metrics and indicators are relevant and meaningful for their roles and objectives. Therefore, it is important to establish a common understanding and agreement on the definitions, scope, and purpose of the metrics and indicators, as well as the criteria and methods for collecting and validating them.

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Ajay Upadhyay

Information Security Expert / Cyber Security Enthusiast CISSP, CISM, CRISC, CCSP, CEH, CISA
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Limitations of Incident Handling Metrics ? Focuses on outcomes, not cause. ? Good metrics may indicate insufficient detection or under-reporting. ? Focuses on containment, not eradication. ? Narrow scope of metrics prevents measuring wider organizational impacts. ? Overloads tracking with too many metrics. ? Hard to measure elements of incident response like communication handling or staff morale impact. ? Costly effective incident handling metric system. Current Solutions: ? Balance efficiency with effectiveness. ? Review metrics for improvement areas. ? Use post-incident reports and user feedback for holistic understanding.

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2 Collecting metrics and indicators

Another challenge of using incident handling metrics and indicators is to collect them accurately and efficiently. Depending on the type and source of the metrics and indicators, the collection process may involve manual or automated methods, such as surveys, interviews, logs, tools, or systems. However, each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, such as reliability, validity, timeliness, completeness, and usability. For example, manual methods may be more prone to human errors, biases, or inconsistencies, while automated methods may require more resources, integration, or maintenance. Therefore, it is important to choose the appropriate methods and tools for collecting the metrics and indicators, as well as to ensure their quality, security, and availability.

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3 Analyzing metrics and indicators

A third challenge of using incident handling metrics and indicators is to analyze them effectively and objectively. The analysis of the metrics and indicators may involve various techniques, such as descriptive statistics, trend analysis, benchmarking, or root cause analysis. However, each technique has its own assumptions, limitations, and interpretations, which may affect the validity and reliability of the results. For example, descriptive statistics may not capture the underlying causes or patterns of the incidents, trend analysis may not account for external factors or outliers, benchmarking may not consider the differences or similarities between the organizations or contexts, and root cause analysis may not identify all the possible factors or solutions. Therefore, it is important to apply the appropriate techniques and methods for analyzing the metrics and indicators, as well as to acknowledge their strengths and weaknesses.

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David Ryan Hawley - CISSP

SIEM/SOC Engineer, Tier IV SOC Analyst, DevSecOps Cloud Architect, linkedIn Board Advisories
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In my experience SIEM/SOAR technology is one of the best places to apply metrics, an example metric, is a SIEM correlation rule that looks for 100 login attempts in 1 minute, this is extremely unlikely to ever work because for example with *NIX systems the login program backs off and delays displaying the login prompt each time you fail to enter the password. A better metric/rule would be one that looks for a low and slow attack, one that doesn't trigger the login delay tactic. With regard to Indicators or IOCs if you write a rule to look for a filename, or a hash pattern, all the attacker has to do is to change the filename or the hash of the file. A better IOC would be finding the presence of files in /etc changed, or malware.

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4 Reporting metrics and indicators

A fourth challenge of using incident handling metrics and indicators is to report them clearly and persuasively. The reporting of the metrics and indicators may involve various formats, such as tables, charts, graphs, dashboards, or reports. However, each format has its own advantages and disadvantages, such as readability, comprehensibility, comparability, and actionability. For example, tables may provide more details and accuracy, but may be harder to read or understand, charts may provide more visual appeal and simplicity, but may be misleading or incomplete, dashboards may provide more overview and interactivity, but may be overwhelming or confusing, and reports may provide more context and explanation, but may be lengthy or boring. Therefore, it is important to choose the appropriate formats and tools for reporting the metrics and indicators, as well as to tailor them to the needs and preferences of the audience.

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5 Using metrics and indicators

A fifth challenge of using incident handling metrics and indicators is to use them wisely and ethically. The use of the metrics and indicators may involve various purposes, such as monitoring, evaluating, improving, or communicating the incident handling process and performance. However, each purpose has its own implications and risks, such as accountability, transparency, motivation, or reputation. For example, monitoring may increase the awareness and visibility of the incidents and the response, but may also create pressure or stress for the incident handling team, evaluating may enable the assessment and feedback of the incident handling process and performance, but may also generate competition or conflict among the stakeholders, improving may facilitate the learning and adaptation of the incident handling process and performance, but may also require more resources or changes in the organization or culture, and communicating may enhance the trust and collaboration among the stakeholders, but may also expose sensitive or confidential information or vulnerabilities. Therefore, it is important to use the metrics and indicators responsibly and respectfully, as well as to balance their benefits and costs.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are some of the challenges or limitations of using incident handling metrics and indicators?

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1 Defining metrics and indicators

2 Collecting metrics and indicators

3 Analyzing metrics and indicators

4 Reporting metrics and indicators

5 Using metrics and indicators

6 Here’s what else to consider

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