What are some best practices for obtaining informed consent from research participants?

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Informed consent is a crucial ethical principle in any research involving human participants. It means that the participants voluntarily agree to take part in the research after being fully informed about its purpose, methods, risks, benefits, and alternatives. However, obtaining informed consent is not always straightforward, and it may involve some challenges and dilemmas. In this article, you will learn some best practices for obtaining informed consent from research participants, based on the guidelines of the American Psychological Association (APA).

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1 Explain the consent process

Before asking the participants to sign a consent form, you should explain the consent process clearly and comprehensively. You should use simple and accessible language, avoid jargon and technical terms, and check for understanding. You should also answer any questions or concerns that the participants may have, and respect their right to decline or withdraw from the research at any time. You should also inform them about how their data will be collected, stored, analyzed, and shared, and what measures will be taken to protect their privacy and confidentiality.

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Louise Osikwemhe

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Before asking people to sign a consent form, make sure they understand what they're getting into. Use plain language and avoid technical terms. Check that they grasp the concept and answer any questions they may have. Respect their right to say no or back out at any time. Also, be transparent about how you'll handle their data, keep it private, and protect their confidentiality.

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2 Provide a written consent form

A written consent form is a document that summarizes the key information about the research and confirms the participants' agreement to participate. You should provide a copy of the consent form to each participant, and ask them to read it carefully and sign it. The consent form should include the following elements: the title and purpose of the research, the procedures and duration of the research, the potential risks and benefits of the research, the voluntary nature of the research, the right to withdraw or decline the research, the contact details of the researcher and the ethics committee, and the consent statement. You should also keep a copy of the signed consent form for your records.

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Louise Osikwemhe

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Get participants to sign a consent form that explains the research in simple terms. The form should cover the research purpose, procedures, risks, benefits, and their right to say no or quit at any time. Give them a copy to read and sign, and keep one for your records. This ensures they know what they're signing up for and can make an informed decision

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3 Adapt to different contexts and populations

The informed consent process may vary depending on the context and population of your research. For example, if you are conducting research online, you may need to use electronic or digital consent forms, and ensure that the participants have access to the necessary technology and information. If you are conducting research with children, minors, or vulnerable groups, you may need to obtain parental or legal guardian consent, or assent from the participants themselves. If you are conducting research with people from different cultures, languages, or backgrounds, you may need to use translators, interpreters, or cultural mediators, and respect their values and norms.

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Louise Osikwemhe

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Get consent in a way that fits your research. If you're doing online research, use digital forms. If you're working with kids or vulnerable groups, get parental consent. If you're working with diverse cultures, use translators and be respectful. Make sure your process is inclusive and effective

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4 Monitor and document the consent process

The informed consent process is not a one-time event, but a continuous and dynamic process that may change throughout the research. Therefore, you should monitor and document the consent process regularly, and update or renew the consent if necessary. You should also record any deviations, problems, or incidents that may occur during the consent process, and report them to the ethics committee or the relevant authorities. You should also review and evaluate the consent process at the end of the research, and identify any areas for improvement or feedback.

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Louise Osikwemhe

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Getting informed consent isn't a one-time thing - it's an ongoing process. Keep checking in and documenting consent throughout the research. If needed, update or renew consent. Also, track any issues or problems that come up and report them to the right people. Finally, review the consent process at the end of the research to see what worked and what didn't, and use that to improve next time.

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5 Follow the ethical principles and standards

The informed consent process is guided by the ethical principles and standards of your discipline, institution, and jurisdiction. You should familiarize yourself with these principles and standards, and follow them accordingly. Some of the common ethical principles and standards that apply to the informed consent process are: respect for persons, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, autonomy, confidentiality, and integrity. You should also seek approval from the ethics committee or the relevant authorities before conducting your research, and comply with their requirements and recommendations.

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6 Respect the participants' rights and interests

The informed consent process is based on the respect for the participants' rights and interests. You should treat the participants with dignity, courtesy, and care, and acknowledge their contribution to your research. You should also ensure that the participants are not coerced, manipulated, deceived, or exploited in any way, and that they are not exposed to any harm or distress. You should also honor their preferences, expectations, and feedback, and provide them with any support or assistance that they may need. You should also share the results or outcomes of your research with them, and acknowledge their role in your publications or presentations.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are some best practices for obtaining informed consent from research participants?

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1 Explain the consent process

2 Provide a written consent form

3 Adapt to different contexts and populations

4 Monitor and document the consent process

5 Follow the ethical principles and standards

6 Respect the participants' rights and interests

7 Here’s what else to consider

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